Climate Change and Poverty Essay Example for Free

Environmental Change and Poverty Essay In the course of recent decades, a significant concern is the danger environmental change have for today’s economy. A huge number of individuals are influenced every single day by environmental change yet this is only the start of the most exceedingly awful. One thing that appears to go safe by environmental change is societal position; to what extent will cash last as a hindrance with the impacts of Mother Nature? How does destitution increment the dangers related the staggering forces of environmental change? When talking as far as destitution a wide range of classifications emerge. Destitution in America is unique in relation to neediness in Asia or Africa. Each nation has confronted destitution. It is unavoidable; a few nations be that as it may, face a lopsidedly high level of destitution. Environmental change influences a wide range of parts of every nation. Every nation is in danger of neediness because of environmental change; be that as it may, destitution stricken zones are all the more monetarily, socially, and politically ill-equipped. Country’s financial standings are significantly influenced by environmental change Many individuals are confounded with respect to how the changing atmospheres influence the economy. Each nation relies upon farming and explicit degrees of water to produce explicit incomes. The more neediness stricken territories depend on cultivating and water levels more so than wealthy nations. The vast majority of these nations have not yet been completely evolved like USA, Europe or a few pieces of Asia. Environmental change compromises the potential future harvest yields. Environmental change could put an extra 5 to 170 million individuals in danger of yearning by the 2080’s (Rosenzwig and Parry). We are discussing a horrible ceaseless pattern of obliteration. Nations rely upon downpour succumb to agrarian development; environmental change influences the measure of downpour tumble from dry spells to storm levels. Cultivating is helpless before water, leaving networks with the danger of conceivable starvation. The majority of the neediness stricken territories depend entirely on cultivating, for income, yet in addition for nourishment. This being stated, environmental change radically compromises a country’s financial status for the more neediness stricken zones as well as each nation too. Environmental change and horticulture are entwined forms; both happen on a worldwide scale. The issue about environmental change is that it has a moderate increment, for example, a couple of degrees a year. This doesn't appear to be that staggering. Notwithstanding, numerous harvests are atmosphere based, for example, grains and espresso, grapes utilized for wine creation, and different natural products; even the smallest increment of temperature will and can influence these yields. In this manner environmental change is leaving as of now neediness stricken zones like India and northern Africa to anticipate their extraordinary destiny. Albeit low and center salary nations are just answerable for a little level of ozone depleting substance outflows, the unfavorable wellbeing impacts related with environmental change will fall excessively on the lower pay nations; this imbalance will additionally compound worldwide wellbeing abberations. The best social risk of environmental change is the manner by which it influences medical problems, particularly those in neediness stricken regions. The changing of temperatures will additionally impact the nature of ailments, for example, yellow fever, intestinal sickness, and dengue fever; socially the individuals most in danger are the old, extremely youthful, and poor people (McMichael). A huge number of individuals underneath the neediness line and those in rustic territories speak to high hazard populaces who are presented to heap wellbeing dangers, including poor sanitation, contamination, unhealthiness, and a steady lack of clean drinking water (Dhiman). Environmental change is as of now negatively affecting the conservative standings of destitution stricken nations; continuing with the endless loop of social annihilation, environmental change appears to have no shortcoming. For example, the late spring of 2010 was the most sizzling summer on record in India, with temperatures arriving at a record normal of 122 degrees Fahrenheit. The impacts were boundless: crops die, domesticated animals were executed, and a great many individuals were hospitalized or murdered (Burke). An investigation of 12 internationally urban zones noticed a 2. 80 †5. 08 percent expansion in death rate for every one degree increment over 29 degrees Celsius (Hajat). India has the most noteworthy measure of individuals living and enduring with AIDS; environmental change influences the exploration and potential arrangements of warding off AIDS and different illnesses. With constrained assets, for example, water accessible in addition to the fact that it is difficult to make antibodies and fixes it opens up a phenomenal measure of potential passings. When taking a gander at the corporate organizations and the fixing of the human living space; the United Nations has authorized numerous associations to follow environmental change, for example, the UNEP, the World Meteorological Organization and the IPCC. Since the mid-eighties, these offices have observed the changes, yet have bombed o pass on the hugeness. Studies done by these organizations have inferred that the most recent fifty years are owing to human exercises and huge partnerships which lead to the changing in the sytheses of the air all through the 21st century (Saltori). These exercises that are referenced are those by methods for organizations that developed into national aggregates. Simultaneous with business development, the ozone harming substance outflows have grown 70% from 1970 to 2004 (Lehner). Late examinations have indicated that 122 partnerships produce 80% of ozone harming substances (IPCC). The atmosphere is going to definitely change the world always, yet to whose detriment? What precisely does the political distinction of these organizations have to do with environmental change and neediness? The appropriate response lies in one more horrendous ceaseless cycle. Companies utilize a great many individuals empowering the incitement of the economy. The individuals consequently buy and live off of the cash from the companies. Be that as it may, in addition to the fact that people are living off the organizations, however they are likewise adding to and empowering to the creation of ozone depleting substance outflows. Comprehensively, we as a human advancement have gotten acclimated with these aggregates to endure, or so we ruminate. Destitution stricken territories do not have these 122 global organizations, yet they despite everything feel their fury. There is, be that as it may, without a doubt a silver coating; the organizations and their bringing of our annihilation may likewise be the way in to our endurance. We realize that these 122 organizations have in a manner fixed our destiny; yet they additionally carry a lot more ascribes to the table. These organizations are fit for animating the economy, propelling innovation and are sufficiently practiced to lead the world to better wellbeing conditions. The UN set up an adaption reserve to help creating nations adapt to environmental change. With every one of these endeavors just eighty million dollars was raised, which was miniscule to the genuine sum required. The United Nations and their approvals likewise built up an exile program for these immature nations; turning into a displaced person nation is more diligently than vanquishing world harmony. They built up a three level program to assist these nations with rules and guidelines set up that become progressively extraordinary at each level. This program has built up these severe standards, to not have a repeat of the exiles after World War II. The income from the organizations would effortlessly have the option to help the disservices they have made. When these authorizations produced using the UN and aggregates can understand that they are the bearer of demolition and furthermore the conceivable rescuer, the world might have the option to inhale all the more without any problem. These organizations are announcing consistent development in salary. The company’s total assets is continually on the ascent while the destitution stricken regions are needing assistance and rendered futile to the organizations crushing consequences for environmental change. The wealth of income would be an incredible assistance whenever gave to those approvals made by the UN. In today’s world we face a brutal time ahead. Neediness stricken regions are all the more monetarily, socially and politically ill-equipped. The world is changing and it is for the more regrettable. Environmental change is influencing each national asset we as a worldwide network need to endure. Immature nations are constrained to their measure of assets and rely upon those to endure. With the atmosphere in the ascent the creation of numerous organic products, vegetables, grains and each country’s staples are all in danger. Countries’ animals are incorporated under the atmosphere change’s pressure. The changing of the climate influences the warmth, yet additionally the downpour tumble from dry spells to monsoons’ and floods and prompts unsteady clean drinking water supplies. Destitution stricken regions can't deliver certain wellbeing immunizations; environmental change and the changing of cascade genuinely prevent their capacities to make more antibodies and give exact human services. Numerous infections and sicknesses â€Å"power countries† have and can treat and even fix are not as effectively treatable in those immature nations. The most annihilating angle is acknowledging how the organizations we underestimate are driving us to our fate. Creating 80% of ozone depleting substances is inconceivable. Is more awesome that these 122 combinations hold the way in to our salvation. These organizations have the influence, the riches and time to fix their demise and help right their wrongs. A huge number of individuals are in danger with the impacts of environmental change. Going â€Å"green† is a straightforward yet superb approach to help spare our planet be that as it may, our endeavors are futile to those in seriously destitution stricken zones. An opportunity to make mindfulness is presently; an opportunity to stand up is currently; an opportunity to act is currently!

Platos allegory of the cave Essay Example For Students

Platos moral story of the cavern Essay Must it be some groundbreaking experience that causes us to understand that were are living in a cavern, that we have not yet progressed as individuals into searching for preeminent joy which is realized by learning truth. 9 It is in the novel by Tolstoy that sees a high court judge that has been carrying on with an upper working class existence with his family fight a destructive ailment. 10 Because he never observed it transpiring he carried on with an existence of savagery and personal responsibility. An actual existence that was lived by what others anticipated from him. He in the end reflects upon this and starts to comprehend that the more fruitful he got the more despondent he felt. He starts to take a gander at himself in another light and contemplates on how he could have carried on an alternate and perhaps increasingly profitable more joyful life. He along these lines starts to feel distress for those in the existence he will leave; his family, companions and partners as they will be left in a world brimming with artificialness. While Ivans family is engaging over their legacy he is simply upbeat that he understood there is a whole other world to life than material belongings and what is anticipated from them structure society. This is the reason he bites the dust in a sentiment of rapture realizing he has exceeded expectations on his excursion to truth. 11 There is likewise an old legend around two energetic male sweethearts in 2500 B. C. of Gilgamesh and Enkidu. 12 Gilgamesh was a leader of incredible city who didnt care much for his situation, as he was profoundly associated with relationships with various ladies. The Gods one day chose to give Gilgamesh a partner that would occupy him and give him the adoration he has been wanting for so long. They send a man named Enkidu who is the defender of all creatures in the wild and who believes himself to be the best warrior on the plant. Gilgamesh gets expression of this and sends over a whore to bait him in. He in the end does and the two compelling warriors wind up battling. Gilgamesh winds up winning after and epic battle around the city. Anyway instead of execute Enkidu Gilgamesh chooses to save his life and the two become extraordinary sweethearts then on subsequent to overcoming numerous spots. In any case, the Gods accept that Gilgamesh and Enkidu are getting excessively solid. Ishtar who begins to look all starry eyed at Gilgamesh just to discover dismissal is then gathered by the divine beings to revile Enkidu with a destructive malady. Enkidu passes on paying little heed to how enthusiastically Gilgamesh attempted to spare his darling. Gilgamesh staggered and stunned by his passing concludes that there must be more to life and sets off on a journey to discover interminable life. It another extraordinary occasion that triggers a feeling inside the mind that powers the craving to investigate and propel their insight into truth. Each detainee reacts to a specific call from inside, and it is this which makes them question themselves and the environmental factors around them. Platos would thus be able to be deciphered as having stages to truth and certain occasions that lead up to daylight; being truth. Anyway so as to comprehend truth it is basic to take a gander at what different thinkers thought of this much discussed subject. Frederick Nietzsche much viewed himself as an enemy to Plato and his interpretation of truth is featured ones will for power. 13 Nietzsche accepts that falsehood could be better than truth as long as it gives a will to the individual being referred to keep living and delivering a real existence upgrading result. He is increasingly keen on the will to control instead of truth itself as he accepts truth is progressively irrelevant contrasted with the wants that a person longs for. .ub8b32bfd8c46c3ccecccb093419aa41a , .ub8b32bfd8c46c3ccecccb093419aa41a .postImageUrl , .ub8b32bfd8c46c3ccecccb093419aa41a .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ub8b32bfd8c46c3ccecccb093419aa41a , .ub8b32bfd8c46c3ccecccb093419aa41a:hover , .ub8b32bfd8c46c3ccecccb093419aa41a:visited , .ub8b32bfd8c46c3ccecccb093419aa41a:active { border:0!important; } .ub8b32bfd8c46c3ccecccb093419aa41a .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ub8b32bfd8c46c3ccecccb093419aa41a { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ub8b32bfd8c46c3ccecccb093419aa41a:active , .ub8b32bfd8c46c3ccecccb093419aa41a:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ub8b32bfd8c46c3ccecccb093419aa41a .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ub8b32bfd8c46c3ccecccb093419aa41a .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .ub8b32bfd8c46c3ccecccb093419aa41a .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ub8b32bfd8c46c3ccecccb093419aa41a .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub8b32bfd8c46c3ccecccb093419aa41a:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ub8b32bfd8c46c3ccecccb 093419aa41a .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ub8b32bfd8c46c3ccecccb093419aa41a-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ub8b32bfd8c46c3ccecccb093419aa41a:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Charles Law Lab Report EssayWhen contrasted with Platos hypothesis, Nietzsches explanations appear to be increasingly honest as it births the subject of for what reason should one endure or harm itself in the conviction this is truth and the ethical activity. Would one not be all the more remarkably glad in the event that they picked and lie contrasted with what Plato would think about a fact. On the off chance that one activity of an individual or a detainee is damaging to themselves; at that point isnt this wrong? The lie could generally be all the more consistent with them for their own advantage of bliss. The will to control hypoth esis of Nietzsche is an enormous enough counter-assault on Platos purposeful anecdote of the cavern. On the off chance that the detainees in the cavern are cheerful and no nothing better, they are basically tricking themselves, anyway they could properly or wrongly be upbeat. 14 The quest for truth in Platos moral story of the collapse hypothesis should prompt incomparable bliss. So on the off chance that one is as of now glad it makes one wonder of is it essential? As indicated by Nietzsche the appropriate response is the will to control. The contention to whether truth is emotional or objective has been around for quite a long time. However, doesnt this demonstrate truth must be abstract in light of the fact that there have been questions on what it really is. On the off chance that fact was objective, at that point there would be essential fact of the matter and there shouldnt be any contest to this perspective. Truth ought to be clear founded on actuality as indicated by individuals who accept that fact is objective. 15 However Sophocles had an alternate view to this and he depicted this in his play called the Antigone. 16 Creon was the leader of the cit of Thebes. He needed to leave the collection of Antigones sibling Polyneices out in the open for it to spoil and be a guide to the individuals of Thebes, as he accepts that it is Thebes that makes human life conceivable.

Argumentative Essay Samples For Gre

Argumentative Essay Samples For GreArgumentative essay samples for gre is one of the most crucial components in an English composition course. In this section of the course, students are required to write about a specific issue and present their opinion on that topic.However, writers who are confronted with a discussion question or discussion topic may face difficulties in coming up with essay samples for free. This article presents some useful tips on how to write effective argumentative essays.Firstly, it is important to ensure that you always have all the necessary resources at hand when preparing your essay. You need to look for sources which provide sufficient information on your topic. One way of doing this is to access books on the subject matter, talk to experts can be found by using internet search engines.Second, it is important to ensure that you maintain a balance between supporting and disputing the argument of your reader. Writing articles like this is an important part of the course. Thus, you need to take into account both your support and your opponent's views. However, you need to make sure that the final product is well-balanced and doesn't use any biased points of view.Thirdly, avoid using the word 'just' if you want to ensure that your essay has multiple opinions. It is easy to fall into this trap because the word 'just' is something that is so commonly used in writing.Fourthly, you need to ensure that your essay contains only valid and factual information and never deviate from a personal viewpoint. This will ensure that your argumentative essay is comprehensive and will meet the demands of the final examination.Finally, remember that argumentative essay samples for use should be brief and easy to understand. You should try to keep your essay short and concise. In addition, your essay should always contain fresh and original ideas.In this case, don't try to be a master of words in a course. Learning to write effective essays requires prope r practice. Therefore, it is essential to get an idea about the correct use of words in a particular language in order to produce strong arguments.

Obesity Improving Health Outcomes - 520 Words

While exploring possible health issues and a population to focus on for my project, I was overwhelmed by the number of issues we are faced with everyday. I narrowed the search down to obesity and the population I would like to focus on is the adolescents. Health People 2010 identified overweight and obesity as one of the top ten leading health indicators that needs serious attention. Obesity has reached epidemic levels globally; being a significant threat to our own nation’s health. Adolescent obesity rates have more than tripled, as the adult obesity rate has doubled since 1980’s (Trust for Americas Health, 2011a). It was interesting to learn of particular statistics and trends concerning adolescent obesity in our nation. Geographic†¦show more content†¦It’s not easy growing up in today’s world as an adolescent. The psychological, physical, social, and environmental factors can have significant negative impacts on their health. During the adolescent phase it is a very â€Å"extraordinary plasticity† period (Steinbeck, Baur, Cowell Pietrobelli, 2009, p. 2). These individual’s habits, attitudes, and physical morbidity develop during this phase. This establishes the pathway and blueprint that influence their long term health and wellbeing. When deciding what approach I would take when addressing this epidemic problem, I decided on health promotion and prevention. The two are so closely interrelated that it is hard to separate. However, health promotion and prevention also have over lapping boundaries with health management, marketing, community empowerment, and policy. In order to promote and prevent this epidemic, we need to rely on the policies (that regulate food and exercise in our schools and communities), the marketing (that promote and provide the tools to make our nation aware about this epidemic), and community empowerment (to support our nation about how to permanently change their lifestyles and way of thinking). I chose health promotion and prevention as it draws from the actions of these other elements. In order to be most effective, a system-wide approachShow MoreRelatedThe Healthy People 2020 Objective Nutrition And Weight Status Essay1451 Words   |  6 PagesThe Healthy People 2020 objective Nutritio n and Weight Status has a goal of improving the diet of Americans, thus improving their overall health. â€Å"Diet quality is critically important to the prevention of many types of chronic disease† (Wilson et al, 2015, p. 302.) According to Healthy People 2020 (2014), â€Å"a healthful diet helps Americans reduce their risks for many health conditions, including: overweight and obesity, malnutrition, iron-deficiency anemia, heart disease, high blood pressure, dyslipidemiaRead MoreThe Health Status Of The United States775 Words   |  4 PagesThe health status of the population in the United States is a national priority. The Healthy People 2020 outlines priorities and to improve the health of individuals and communities across the country. Healthy People 2020 is defined as a comprehensive set of national objectives for â€Å"improving the health of all Americans† (Healthy People 2020, n.d, para. 1). The Healthy people 2020, is aimed at improving the health of in dividuals and communities and envisions â€Å"a society in which all people liveRead MoreEssay On Knowing The Needs In The Community1124 Words   |  5 Pagesthe average amount of income is between $30,000 and $39,000 (â€Å"Seneca County Health Assessment 2014-2017,† n.d.). In order to find out what the need is within the community research of secondary data was used. After reviewing the data available the one community need is addressing obesity with children. Currently 38.6% (2,699) of Seneca County children are considered overweight or obese (â€Å"Seneca County Community Health Assessment (CHA)/Community Service Plan (CSP) 2016-2018,† n.d.). The communityRead MoreObesity And Obesity Related Diseases896 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is primarily measured in body mass index or BMI, a BMI over 30 is considered obese. Until recently, there has been a steady rise of the obesity prevalence over the last three decades. The American taxpayers and the medical communi ty face a huge challenge with regards to the 34.9% of adults and 16.9% of children who struggle with obesity (Ogden, Carroll, Kit, Flegal, 2014). Even with the prevalence of obesity remaining flat, morbid obesity, a BMI of over 40 has increased by two to threeRead MoreThe Ethical Regulation Of Transnational Food Companies And Implement Strategies That Promote Healthy Diets846 Words   |  4 Pages Over the last 20 years the worldwide prevalence of obesity has more than doubled, making it the fastest growing cause of disease and death worldwide1 . The expanding markets in developing countries due to globalization have attracted the influx of multinational food and drink companies into these countries with aggressive marketing strategies targeted mainly at children. This has resulted in a nutritional transition from traditional plant based diets to western high fat, energy dense diets withRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Paediatric Obesity1731 Words   |  7 PagesThe prevalence of paediatric obesity has escalated to epidemic proportions, with 28.2% of children and adolescents aged 2 to 15 classified as either overweight or obese in 2015 (Health Survey of England, HSE, 2015). The factors that can contribute to childhood obesity includes genetics and environmental factors such as increasingly sedentary behaviours and caloric intake (Arluk, Branch, Swain, Dowling, 2003; MacKenzie, 20 00). Increased obesity in youth leads to an array of co-morbidities includingRead MoreObesity Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesChildren and adolescents with obesity and obesity related diseases reported to have systemic inflammation and evidence of endothelial activation. A recent study indicated that severely obese with metabolic syndrome schoolchildren (10-15 years) had a significantly higher cIMT, -IL-6, IL-1ÃŽ ², TNF-ÃŽ ±, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 levels and other CVD risk factors compared to lean counterparts, 79 along with other studies153,154 obesity is associated with endothelial activation and inflammatory process in obese childrenRead MoreEvaluation Of An Assessment Tool For Improving Adoption Implementation Of Clas Standards870 Words   |  4 PagesIntended Outcomes Individual and community level outcomes included: †¢ Increased awareness/knowledge of health disparities among health providers, community health workers, and participants †¢ Improved behavior related to physical activity and nutrition †¢ Increased health screenings of racial and ethnic minority populations †¢ Increased and improved training in delivery of health education and health education topics for bilingual and bicultural populations Systems-level outcomes for this project included:Read MoreObesity : A Study Focused On Obesity1435 Words   |  6 PagesA study focused on obesity published by Navaneelan and Janz (2014) concluded that, â€Å"Obesity has become one of the world’s greatest health concerns and threatens to undo gains made in life expectancy during the 20th century† (p. 1). â€Å"Obesity is defined as abnormal excessive fat accumulation that may impair health† (World Health Organization, 2015). In order to tackle the concerns of obesity, nurses should develop an understanding of the family’s needs and goals in order to determine family nursingRead MoreChildhood Obesity in Saudi Arabia1348 Words   |  6 PagesDescribe a challenge or opportunity associated with improving public health in a selected region of the world. Childhood Obesity is one of the vastest challenges that faces the globe generally and Saudi Arabia specifically; obesity in children is an epidemic problem internationally that requires the collaboration of health care providers. The overweight children and adolescent’s number have multiplied in the last decades in the progressed countries where there is an apparent alteration in activities

Essay about Freedom Riders - 1575 Words

Freedom Riders â€Å"Freedom Riders† were a group of people, both black and white, who were civil rights activists from the North who â€Å"meant to demonstrate that segregated travel on interstate buses, even though banned by an I.C.C. Ruling, were still being enforced throughout much of the South† (The South 16). The Riders attempted to prove this by having a dozen or so white and black Freedom Riders board buses in the North and travel through Southern cities. This was all â€Å"a coldly calculated attempt to speed up integration by goading the South, forcing the Southern extremists to explode their tempers† (Freedom Riders 20). The author of the Newsweek article stated this as the Southern opinion of the reason for the Freedom Riders. The†¦show more content†¦Several incidents of beatings were reported, sometimes with simple weapons, other times with weapons of mass destruction conducted by local citizens as the freedom riders passed through their city. Very o ften, â€Å"the cops were conspicuously absent when the blood began to flow† (The South 16). One particularly violent incident on May 14, 1961 occurred when someone threw a bomb into a window of an interstate bus. When the twelve passengers on the bus exited because of the smoke and flames, the waiting mob pulverize beat some of passengers up. The police arrested four men in conjunction with the bombing, yet the four men were only charged with â€Å"willful damage to vehicles in interstate commerce† (State is Warned 1). The fact that this incident was taken so lightly is appalling. Clearly these men should have been punished or convicted more severely. The hurt freedom riders were taken to the local hospital, and none were seriously injured. We examined two articles about the bus bombing incident, one from Time and one from the New York Times. The Time article gave a much more general overview of the incident, and lacked some details, such as who was arrested and why, and the response of the government. The New York Times article discussed this information in great detail. It includes the names of the perpetrators and the reason for their arrest. It also discusses the response of Attorney General Robert Kennedy, whoShow MoreRelatedThe Freedom Riders1204 Words   |  5 PagesBBB Period N 18 March 2013 Freedom Riders Backlash The Freedom Riders strive through a journey of hardships to have their point accepted by others, which was bus desegregation. Through the journey the Freedom Rides took some obstacles that affected them physically and mentally. They fought threw times like the downfalls that their movement brought and the mobs that greeted them in every state. The mobs were verbally and physically violent towards the Freedom Riders more than a few times whileRead MoreFreedom Riders: Rebels with a Cause1400 Words   |  6 PagesFreedom Riders: Rebels with a Cause â€Å"If not us, then who? If not now, then when? Will there be a better day for it tomorrow or next year? Will it be less dangerous then? Will someone else’s children have to risk their lives instead of us risking ours?† -- John Lewis May 16, 1961, to other Nashville students considering joining the Freedom Rides John Lewis, a young black man who was born in the South, participated in the Freedom Rides. His statement rang true when Nashville students were facedRead MoreAn Analysis of Freedom Riders: The Documentary by Stanley Nelson1674 Words   |  7 Pages Stanley Nelson chronicles the journey of a group of individuals, known as the Freedom Riders, whom fought for the rights of African Americans to have the same amenities and access as the Caucasians. The purpose of the Freedom Rides was to deliberately violate the Jim Crow laws of the south that prohibited blacks and whites from mixing together on buses and trains. Expectedly, many of the Freedom Riders were beaten and the majority was imprisoned. This carried on for the majority of 1961 and culminatedRead MoreThe Freedom Riders : A Powerful And Inspiring Documentary On The Six Years996 Words   |  4 PagesThe â€Å"Freedom Riders† was a powerful and inspiring documentary on the six months of 1961 that altered America’s hi story. More than four hundred African Americans and whites put their lives in danger, bearing mob beatings and incarceration, as they travelled through the Deep South in numerous buses from May until November of 1961. As the freedom riders knowingly violated Jim Crow laws, they were confronted with cruel racism and violence which painfully pushed against their mindset of nonviolent activismRead MoreFreedom Riders, By John Lewis, A Former Freedom Rider1087 Words   |  5 PagesThis quote from John Lewis, a former Freedom Rider I believe with those words perfectly describes why these Freedom Riders began their journey. After reading the textbook, Visions of America and watching the video clip from American Experience of Freedom Riders I was able to make myself knowledgeable about Freedom Riders. Both the textbook and the video I thought engaged me into the information I was either reading or listening. So, what exactly are Freedom Riders, what were the impacts of this eventRead MoreE ssay on Freedom Riders1426 Words   |  6 PagesThe Freedom Riders were a group of college students and leaders of various racial equality organizations, both blacks and whites, which tested the law of integration for public transportation. The law was instated, but Alabama especially didn’t follow it. The Freedom Riders rode buses into the cities to see if the townspeople accepted or declined the new law. They in turn ended up beating, pummeling, and chasing the riders out of town with the white mobs. The Freedom Riders violently fought the segregationRead MoreFreedom Riders Speech788 Words   |  4 Pagessegregation that it eventually led to violence. In 1960, a group of brave people of a variety races came up with the idea of â€Å"Freedom Rides†. They knew the consequences of their cause, a 13 person group, protesting against something that most of the world stood for, and yet they still did everything they could do , to help end it. The Freedom Riders’ goals were to â€Å"challenge the non-enforcement of the united states supreme court decisions Morgan vs. virginia† (quizlet.com)Read MoreThe Freedom Riders Essay1553 Words   |  7 PagesSouth. At this time, segregation was legal. In 1892, the Supreme Court had ruled that a state could separate whites and blacks as long as the services were equal. On May 4, 1961, a diverse group of thirteen courageous individuals known as the Freedom Riders embarked on a bus journey into the South in order to challenge segregation in bus terminals. Although many individuals believed that segregation was wrong, many southern states continued to practice racial segregation. Racial segregation isRead MoreEssay On Freedom Riders738 Words   |  3 PagesThe Freedom Riders were remarkable, fearless Americans. They were extraordinary, ordinary people . . . young people who took the reins of history and wouldnt let go.† -Mark Samels, American Experience Executive Producer. This documentary showed a very dark time of American history, but in the dark is where the heroes come along. The people who took a stand and took part in the Freedom Rider is truly brave, and fearless, they are the people who made the America. Originally the Freedom Riders startedRead MoreThe Freedom Riders Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesThe Freedom Riders were a group of around 13 people. Most of them were African Americans but there were always a few white skinned people in the group as well. There was no set leader for the Freedom Riders. The Freedom Riders rode interstate buses into the Southern United States. The south was referred to as the most segregated part of the U.S. The main goal of the Freedom Riders was to desegregate and become â€Å"separate but equal.† They had also set out to defy the Jim Crow Laws. The Freedom Riders

Serfdom Of The United States - 3539 Words

Dabney Matchett III October 27, 2014 History 338 Paper Serfdom in Russia started in the 11th century with its origins in Kievan Rus. Slavery in the United States started in 1700s with the American South being its most prevalent. Russia abolished serfdom in 1861; at the same time, the American Civil War, fought between the Union and the Confederacy, was in its first year with slavery being one of the main fighting points. The war ended in 1865, and slavery was abolished as well. Though serfdom and slavery shared many similarities, they also shared several differences, and made serfdom seem even worse than slavery. One of the many similarities between serfdom and slavery was that in both institutions, they were hereditary. This meant that†¦show more content†¦In interviews with a few of the slaves in from 1936 to 1938, as part of the Federal Writers’ Projects, a WPA program, one of slaves spoke on the punishment she received: Sallie Crane: I been whipped from sunup till sundown. Off and on, you know. They whip me till they got tired and they go and rest and come out and start again. They kept a bowl filled with vinegar and salt and pepper settin’ nearby, and when they had whipped me till the blood come, they would take the mop and sponge the cuts with this stuff so that they would hurt more. These various punishments were often carried out to punish slaves for not doing their work, or simply for assert dominance. In Russia, the treatment of serfs were frequent and just as vicious as the slaves. According to Steven L. Hoch, in Petrovoskoe, a serf estate in Russia, â€Å"at least 79 percent of the adult males [serfs] were flogged, 24 percent more than once† from September 1826 through August 1828. In addition, the serfs were also subjected to being forcibly recruited into the army, being exiled, confinement, and forcing them to wear iron collars around their necks. The most serious punishment however, seemed to be the most innocuous: shaving half of a serf man’s hair and beard. In Serfdom and Social Control, the shaving was used in the most extreme cases and was considered â€Å"a particularly odious form of discipline†. The bailiffs in charge of the serfs used punishment to keep

Twin Group And Its Values To Make Diversity In UK

Question: Understanding the key requirements in the design and development of a range of LD. Understanding how organisational LD needs can be met, the application and use of a range of methods. Answer: Introduction In this research, the researcher has taken Twin Group and its values to make diversity in UK and other countries. Twin Group involves developing relationships with the major people. Twin Group makes various policies that provide opportunity to major individuals through integrity, legislation frameworks, responsibilities and monitoring the structure on personnel data. The researcher has also taken various aspects that will lead to policies and procedures on recruitment and selection. This would be helpful in coordinating with the management through HR activities on sex race, age, disability, etc. Sustainable organisation performance can be termed as the maintenance of the of the high performance level of an organisation. The financial indicators, societal contributions, people management and environmental contributions over a long period, measure these particular levels. It would also drive the effectiveness of organisation through models and frameworks by creating a self-assessment workshop and giving a good approval among the customers (Yuan and Kim 2014). Hence, Twin personal appraisal would be developed with numerous opportunities, business reviews, meetings and an effective induction process on the management structure. Understanding the key requirements in the design and development of a range of LD activities. Twin Group is a major provider of English courses and international summer school programs organised by the British Council, offering residential and home stay accommodation for students. The British Council accredits the English courses and this provides a comprehensive study to the students seeking help in English. They provide enhanced skills while teaching English and this helps the students to gain more knowledge. On the other hand, the Twin Group also provides internal summer school programs as well as tennis and football coaching to the students of the United Kingdom. This further helps the students to develop their extracurricular skills along with their knowledge of English. As an award winning provider of education, travel, work experience, volunteering and employment services, both in the UK and internationally, Twin is committed to helping people realise their full potential through life enhancing experiences (Twinuk.com, 2015). With over 400 employees, the company believes that people are their greatest asset and work hard to create a dynamic working environment with plenty of opportunities for personal development. Hence, LD should be an integrated part of the companys strategic planning, to ensure employees perform well and the organisation achieves its objectives and targets. The company aims to provide a continuous LD opportunities and support to their employees and students, to enable them to meet the rapidly changing demands and priorities of the company. The Management believes that LD is crucial because: the organisation can only grow, expand and develop through its employees. Hence development and retention of highly skilled workforce is essential. needs employees with the appropriate levels of skills to perform their jobs. Employees will feel valued whilst having the knowledge and skills to perform adequately in their roles. Needs the most effective and efficient employees to be able to survive, due to high competition and tight budget. Hence, improving employees performance will increase sales and customer satisfaction ratings. In order to achieve this aim, Twin Group believes that LD needs should be reviewed on a regular basis and employees should be engaged in identifying their own learning needs, selecting suitable learning interventions and assessing the learning outcomes. According to CIPD, Learning and Development (LD) needs can be described as a gap between current and desired capability of an individual, team/department, occupation group or the organisation (CIPD, 2015). Twin Group has identified that the LD needs have arisen within their organisation due to: new market opening, new products and services offered new staff members budget changes high competition drive for greater efficiency and HPW- High Performance Working Target Group Twin Group operates in a niche market, where both internal and external training and development opportunities are geared towards training of: Sales Representatives and Work Placement Officers who have direct contact with potential, existing and past students and customers. Their performance and sales skills have a direct impact on the companys financial situation. Tutors and employees who have direct face to face contact with customers and provide study materials to students enrolled onto various courses. Their knowledge and customer service skills directly influence the customer satisfaction rates. Their immediate learning skills can have either a positive or a negative effect on the business. Therefore, it is very important for this organisation to analyse the current situation and design suitable ways for the people seeking knowledge. Proper evaluation can be done by developing solutions and implementing them to satisfy the needs of its potential customers (Engel 2013). Figure 1: Self-assessment process of learning needs (Source: Twin Group, HR , Department: (SAR) 2009/2010). The sales representatives and the workplace officers need proper training to deliver best services to the customers of Twin group. They should be designed and trained properly to provide support to the learners (customers) of the Twin group. The learning needs of the tutors are to understand the needs and demands of the students or the customers of the Twin group. The tutors should be aware the difficulties of their students and help them to overcome the problems. This will improve the performances of the students and help the company to gain reputation in the competitive market. How learning interventions link to organisational performance. CIPD describes Organisational development interventions as a set of structured activities in which selected organisational units engage or set of tasks directly or indirectly leading to organisational improvement(CIPD, 2015). Successful organisations have the capability to sustain their performance with the changing time and take shorter decisions by relating to the long-term strategies and goals to maintain a long-term focus. It is very important to maintain coordination and integration between the long-term values of the organisation and the behavior of the employees. According to Beevers Rea, LD initiatives should address the needs of the organisation but also take account of the needs of individual learners (Beevers Rea, 2013). Every employee needs to be given the opportunity to develop throughout his/her career and live. Hence, fair and equal access to learning and development must be ensured. It is believed that employee engagement leads to long-term performance of the organisations. However, it is important to understand the reasons that engage the employees. Therefore, the learning needs of the employees must be adhered to expect positive results and fruitful returns on investment. It is further believed that effective strategies and HR policies implemented in the process of high individual performances help in motivating the individuals and provide them with the opportunity to perform better. This helps in increasing the performance of the organisation. It is very important for any organisation to create a healthy working environment. Hence, it should adopt certain measures to implement policies of maintaining healthy and fair working conditions. This would bring together the employees of the organisation to work collectively and increase the profitability of the organisation (Arts 2013). The employees should be provided with Health Safety and security and this would further help the organisation to increase their productivity and provide excellent services to the customers. This will be effective to make learning interventions that would operate on organisational performance (Balapure 2013). Learning methods and techniques. There are many learning needs analysis (LNA) methods Twin Group could use and some of them are listed below: Learning Needs Analysis Methods Advantages Disadvantages Where most useful Suitability (or Not) considering organisational factors, Equal Opportunities, HS, target audience and cost effectiveness Direct observation Doesnt interrupt work, can be more reliable than other sources, provides data relevant to work environment. Time consuming, observer needs time to collate and needs to know what he is looking for, employees behaviour may be affected by being observed, difficult to capture entire job cycle When the training in about simple skills, when observer is familiar with the topic Suitable for Tutors and Employees who have direct contact with customers, Ideal method to observe tutors and customer service employees. Relatively cheap as can use existing resources Interviews of existing post holder Provides information about attitude, Provides greater understanding of issues, uncovers details of training needs as well as causes and solutions of problems. Time consuming for everyone involved, Interviewee may be shy to respond, interviewees only provide information they think you want to hear, needs skilled interviewer, may be difficult to schedule, possible lack of communication When you are not familiar with the topic or area, when the training is about complex issue Suitable for Tutors, Employees who have direct contact with customers, Sales Reps,, Work Placement Officers, Students Inexpensive Questionnaires and surveys Quick, relatively easy and simple, can collate a lot of information and data from a large number of people, data can be easily summarized. May not get important information, may luck details, possible inappropriate responses, may be difficult to understand and may not be send back, Require time, become less useful where the employees luck verbal skills When you know a lot about your topic and can combine them with other methods to encourage response Suitable for Students and customers, employees and Managers. Economical to use Group discussions Relatively Quick and easy, provide clear responses, useful with complex or controversial issues that one person may not be able or willing to explore Participants may be shy and not honest in a group, others may dominate discussion, time consuming to organise, When Team work is essential, when there is not enough time to use other more time consuming methods Suitable for Tutors, employees, Sales Reps, Work Placement Officers, Managers, Students, Inexpensive Review of references Objective, allows to collect a lot of factual information May be inaccurate and out of date, need resources to obtain relevant information When you need factual previous work related information Suitable for every member of staff Review of performance data Provide an in-depth review of an employees performance, identify problem areas and areas on which to focus on further development Time consuming, length and content may vary depending on evaluators writing abilities, narrative evaluations are difficult to compare When you need factual previous performance related information Suitable for Sales Reps, Work Placement officers, Management. Job analysis including job description and job specification Present immediate information, help in screening and hiring an appropriate person for an appropriate position, help in designing training development programs, help in evaluation and appraisal process Requires a lot of time and human effort, involves collecting detailed information hence information will likely be biased and not 100% accurate, When you need to explore duties and responsibilities of a job, when you need to explore skills, education and experience needed for an individual to perform a specific job Suitable for every member of staff Very time consuming, hence more expensive than other methods Skills Matrices Simple visual tool, highly effective, help in assessing training needs, review skills and competences required for roles within teams Time consuming, needs reviewing and updating as teams are not permanent When you need to explore learning needs/skill gaps in a team Suitable for Tutors, Sales Reps and other members of staff. Inexpensive E-training like computer-based coaching is best suitable because it is much cheaper than the standard classroom-based teaching. It is quite cost-effective and produces high returns on investments. It is a long-term strategy. The students have easy access to learning and it is suitable for the target groups like the tutors, sales representatives and the customer service representatives. On the other hand, internal coaching costs much less than hiring new staffs or employees. It is very cost-effective, as there are no direct costs involved in the process of internal coaching. Recommendations The management should consider using a number of different methods, because it is unlikely that any one method will provide all the necessary information. Identification of training needs should however start with the determination of skills and knowledge essential for maximum effectiveness in an organisation. Hence, Twin Group should use the: Job analysis method- as it will allow the company to link the training needs with their short and long-term organisational objectives. Information gathered through a job analysis can be used for the purpose of HR planning, recruitment and selection, employee orientation, performance appraisals, training development and Health Safety. This method will enable Twin to summaries duties and responsibilities of a job and determine the minimum skills, education and experience that employees need to perform a job, then match them accordingly to ensure a maximum benefit. Employees will also benefit from a job clarity and possible training opportunities which will increase their morale, commitment and job satisfaction. Furthermore, it will allow the employer to identify, assess and control potential hazards of a job and protect employees from illness and injury. Despite the considerable amount of work required, it does ensure the return on investment. Reviewing of performance data- as it is essential to the financial success and safety of the organisation. Performance documents are a great source of actual performance related information, show strengths and weaknesses of employees and thus can be used to establish skill development and learning activities. Data should be reviewed regularly to look for trends and changes in performance, as it will allow the management to make better decisions related to promotions, pay rises, adding additional responsibilities or terminating an employee. Moreover data should be reviewed for legal purposes, to support decisions and reduce disputes. As it is an ideal method to note the physical activities of Tutors and Customer Service Officer. It provides first hand data and reduces distortion of information. The analysis proves that the company was in need of a proper and suitable learning method to provide a fair and equal access to the methods of learning and development. The learning methods of the company affected both the target groups and the customers. Hence, the company adopted the learning methods or the strategies to distribute access to learning and development fairly. Understanding how organisational LD needs can be met, the application and use of a range of relevant methods. Learning needs can be met through the following methods: On off the job training Qualification based training Internal and external interventions Sector/organisational culture e.g. values, attitudes and management support Decisions about LD methods however, will always be influenced by contextual factors such as costs, operational issues, time pressure and preferences of target group. All learning methods/interventions should be applied with an aim of improving performance and some of them have been described below: Learning methods/ interventions Advantages Disadvantages Suitability (or Not) considering organisational factors, Equal Opportunities, HS, target audience and cost effectiveness Job shadowing Observer is exposed to job related tasks, training alongside real colleague Limits the involvement of the observer/trainee, Effectiveness of job shadowing depends on the person selected to be shadowed, if wrong person observed it may give false picture of the job, takes place for a limited period Suitable for new starters , students or employees moving roles. Suitable for both small and larger organisations, Generally cost effective, Role play Develops and improves positive bahaviour, communication and interpersonal skills, improves future performance levels, effectively resolves conflict situations, enables right decision making, helps to handle difficult situations, Time constrain and resource allocation problems, affect the learning time for the employees, training objectives may at times remain unfulfilled, may be dominated by a few participants Increases counter productivity, Immediate outcome and feedback will save time and cost. Suitable for Customer Service and Sales Reps E-training e.g. computer based sales training The fastest growing training delivery method, reduces employee learning time and allows privacy of learning, flexible access to learning, allows learning at an individual pace High initial costs due to program development costs, requires access to computers and internet Cheaper than standard classroom based training, Very cost effective in a long run, Easy access to learning, suitable for the identified target group: Customer Service and Sales Reps, Tutors etc Internal Coaching Used for inadequate performance, one-to-one interaction, provides direct personal guidance, can be provided over the phone, mails, chats or face to face, Allows continuous evaluation and correction of mistakes, provides quick feedback, builds trust and respect, Requires a lot of time and effort from the managers/coaches, involves training line managers in coaching and teaching skills, it may be difficult to create an internal coaching culture, manager/coach may not be able to alter his communication style, Coaching costs less than hiring new employees, There are no direct costs involved in internal coaching Job rotation Increases multitasking skills, Increases performance, include task rotation, position rotation, function and responsibility rotation, reduces employee boredom, increase skills and competency levels, More suitable for bigger organisations e.g. supermarkets, employees can be stressed in the new role, employees will need time to learn and perform new tasks which may affect the workflow, It is one of the most effective tools for big companies that are forced to cut down the number of employees, a great process of preparing an employee to replace another employee at a different or higher level, provides optimum cost and resource utilisation Twin Group has selected the e-training and internal coaching as their learning methods. It is because both the methods have proved beneficial for the company. The e-training or the computer-based training is the fastest growing delivery method. It has reduced time for the employees and allowed flexibility and privacy in the process of learning. On the other hand, the internal coaching method allows one-to-one interaction with the students or the parents and allows them to identify or rectify the mistakes on the spot. The Twin group has rejected the other methods because the above-mentioned learning methods proved quite efficient for the company and therefore, they did not find the need to adapt any other method. Coaching would be the preferred methods for the tutors. This would help the students to benefit and score high marks. On the other hand, the sales representatives should prefer the e-learning methods. This will develop their training skills and help them to increase their efficiency. They will gain more students in the long-run. To meet the learning needs, the researcher has made an approach for evaluating models through a literary framework. This will have a contrast to assess ideas from the Twin Group (McCracken 2012). ADDIE model- The ADDIE model helps in training the developers and instructing the designers. It is a guideline for building tools for performance support and effective training in five phases namely the Analysis phase, the Implementation phase, the Design phase, the Evaluation phase and the Development phase. The model is very helpful in identifying the learning needs of the company. It helped the Twin group to analyze the current situation and design plans and methods for amending the necessary changes. It helped the Twin group to choose the e training and he internal coaching methods that helped the company to identify the process of learning intervention. The company benefitted by adopting the above-mentioned learning methods and it helped the customers of the company to benefit too. The ADDIE model is best suited for the Twin group. As earlier discussed, it helps in training the developers and instructing the designers. This helps in identifying the learning needs of the tutors as well as the sales representatives and the workers. Therefore, this model is beneficial to Twin group. This further helps the company to increase the efficiency of the workers and helps in improving the performance of the company. The company adopts specific policies with the help of the ADDIE model, which adds to the reputation of the company. The principles of workplace learning can be effective by implementing the ADDIE model on the organisational affairs. The ADDIE model provides a step-by-step guideline to plan and create training programs with a framework, to maximise effectiveness and efficiency. This model attempts to save time and money by identifying and catching problems while they are still easy to rectify. It consists of five phases: Analysis-This includes clarifying objectives in the learning environment in identifying needs of the individual. It identifies a major problem on knowledge and skills of the individual. Thus, the question includes how the desired behavior may be, what may be the timeline and what are the other learning limitations (Moody, 2012). Design-This includes learning objectives that would plan to create a subject matter. It would be specific in developing a matter that attains major goals of the organisation. It also identifies the planning strategies that executed well in underpinning the learning interventions. Development-This includes instructional designers that assemble in making the project prolific. It sets up in developing programs that integrate technological firms in learning (Park 2014). This would be periodic if learning interventions would develop the firms strategically. Implementation-This would develop procedures on training facilities and learning events. The training facilities include learning through software and hardware development process. This phase includes the base of project managers that assesses tools, CD-ROMS, and software in learning. Evaluation-This consists of two aspects mainly (Watson 2012). The formative evaluation presents each stage of ADDIE model whereas the summative evaluation is conducted through instructional programs. Figure 2: ADDIE model (Source: Manners, 2013) Evaluation of Learning and Development (LD). Organisations are investing a lot of money in LD in order to gain a competitive advantage. Thus, it is extremely vital to assess the effectiveness of the training programme and determine if the money, time and effort devoted to the LD made a difference. Evaluation should answer: What and Why should be evaluated, Who and How should evaluate it, When to evaluate it The main and most widely used evaluation models include: Kirkpatricks Four Levels of Evaluation This model also has an importance on organisational development in enhancing individuals. It describes four levels of training evaluation. This would facilitate through reaction of the student on how they feel with the training programs. It may also increase opportunities for an individual. There may be the lack of behavior that could improve the environment on training and motivation (Yuan and Kim 2014). It would be meaningful to see how this change has made a complexity among individuals. Hence, the researcher has made a grid that is depicted below: Evaluation type and level (what is measured) Evaluation description and characteristics Examples of evaluation tools and methods Relevance and practicability 1. Reaction Reaction evaluation is how the delegates felt about the training or learning Happy Sheets, feedback forms. Verbal reaction, post-training surveys or questionnaires, Quick and very easy to obtain. Not expensive to gather or to analyse. 2. Learning Learning evaluation is the measurement of the increase in knowledge-before and after. Typically assessments or tests before and after the training. Interview or observation can also be used. Relatively simple to set up; clear-cut quantifiable skills. Less easy for complex learning. 3. Behaviour Behaviour evaluation is the extent of applied learning back on the job-implementation. Observation and interview over time are required to assess change, relevance of change and sustainability of change. Measurement of behaviour change typically requires cooperation and skill of line managers. 4. Result Result evaluation is the effect on the business or environment by the trainee. Measures are already in place via normal management systems and reporting-the challenge is to relate to the trainee. Individually not difficult, unlike whole organisation. Process must attribute clear accountabilities. Kirkpatricks Four Levels of Evaluation Source: Google.com RAM Approach What is measured Evaluation description and characteristics Examples of evaluation tools and methods Relevance Relevance evaluation allows to envisage how learning interventions are developed Statements of expectations, costing Alignment Alignment evaluation ensures that learning interventions have a real business impact and that the stakeholders needs have been met. Records of meetings, assessments Measurement Measurement evaluation means embedding evaluation into the process and ensuring that correct data have been collected., evidence of change 360 degree feedback, questionnaires, appraisals, surveys, KPIs, ROI= ( benefit- cost) / cost The RAM model Source: CIPD Guide (2010) Real World Coaching Evaluation page 9 CIRO Framework What is measured Evaluation description and characteristics Context Describes the contextual factors in which the learning has taken place, involves collecting information about organisational deficiency, identifying needs and setting objectives Inputs Describes the inputs and costs to the learning intervention, involves obtaining and using information about training resources and allows to choose between alternative training methods Reaction Describes the overall reaction to the learning intervention, involves obtaining and using information about participants reaction Outcomes Describes the results and effectiveness of the learning intervention, involves obtaining and using information about results CIRO evaluation model Source: ccp.co.il Compare and contrast evaluation models Evaluation Model Advantages Disadvantages Focuses on KIRKPATRICK Well established and widely used approach, has been used as a basis for other evaluation models, Simple, flexible, easy to understand within and outside the field Very weak relationship between the levels, too simplistic in some cases, many companies implement only level 12 ignoring learning transfer Most attention is focused on evaluation of training at the reaction level, as it is difficult and costly to measure the other levels. This model emphasises on customer satisfaction. RAM It keeps record of statements and assignments of expectations for inputs of coaching. It also keeps record of the surveys and appraisals and helps the company with appropriate probabilities and sensitivities. The method has high level of coaching audit, which incurs higher costs. This becomes a disadvantage of the model. This model focuses on the outcome of the LD programme, rather than the process itself CIRO Evaluation of context involves data collection methods about the deficiency of performance and assessing the information to establish the needs of training. Input evaluation is concerned about the planning, managing and designing of the learning event with an analysis of the available resources. Reaction evaluation uses the obtained information and resources and Outcome evaluation assess the performance of the learners at the learner level, the workplace level, the team level and the organizational level. Not accurate because of several factors such as people not responding accurately or honestly. The questions or the instructions are misunderstood most of the times. This model focuses on the costs, cost benefit analysis must be done before each training intervention, to make sure the expenses dont exceed available budget The Twin group uses the CIRO model of evaluation because it is an efficient method to identify the learning needs of the organization and helps in evaluating the impact of training on the learners. The unique four-level approach of the model helps in classifying the process of evaluation. The model is quite cost-effective and that is why it would be easy for the company to implement the model. It has swift delivery methods and helps the learners to optimize the process of learning. It helps in meeting the ultimate, intermediate and the immediate objectives of the organization. It manages designs and of course plans the delivery methods to achieve maximum possibility of the desired objectives. The learners react to the methods of learning, which further helps the company to use the collected data in an objective and a systematic matter. Outcomes are observed at all levels and this is why it becomes easier to community practices as a whole. The resources are collected from the learner level as well as the organizational level and therefore, it becomes easier to develop activities (at all levels) and improve their quality. It can prove beneficial for the adult learners as well because the model is suitable for all levels of learners. Validate learning methods for efficiency and effectiveness taking account of opportunity and differing contexts The learning methods prove beneficial for the organisations, as they are very effective. The methods help in increasing the performance of the organisations and provide various opportunities to the employees. They feel motivated and crave for working more. The Twin Group has been successful in implementing the learning methods on the employees of the organisation. As a result, the employees have improved their performances, which proved beneficial for the organisation as well as the employees. The organisation has gained competitive advantage in the potential market and increased their profitability factor (Watson 2012). The organisation has considered various approaches to make the process of learning an effective one. This would be varied by taking Twin Group on learning identities. Thus, the major ideas for making an effective approach would be considered through: Improving memory basics There are key elements to boost the brain of individuals. It helps the employees to learn something new every day. They become familiar with unknown activities to bring out the employees from their comfort zone. This further helps in learning new things and developing new skills for the employees. The elements are very challenging as well as rewarding. When the employees accept the challenges and win them, they receive awarding benefits. This particular process helps in improving and developing the basic knowledge of the employees (Arts 2013). Once they are aware of the fundamental functioning process of the company, they can provide effective learning skills to their fellow employees. Keeping learning needs practical The learning methods should be implemented practically, as they can help the employees to have a better knowledge of their work and their appreciation. When they visualise the activities, they perform better. Promoting new learning areas The employees of the organisation have varied levels of experience and qualifications. Supervisors should find their skills of knowledge and this could help the organisation to assess the knowledge of the employees (Engel 2013). This can be achieved by following the ADDIE model, which would help the organisation to analyse the problems and develop solutions to the problems by proper implementation and evaluation. Conclusion Various methods have been pointed out by the research in the context of Twin Group. This would balance the credentials of Health Safety activities of the Twin Group on the learning needs. It can be concluded ADDIE and evaluation model that would contribute learning and development needs. These models help in assessing the fair and proper treatment of the employees at the organisational level. The sustainable strategies that are adopted by the organisation help it to gain competitive advantage in the target market and gain fruitful returns on investment. Hence, the comparison makes an effective area to establish LD interventions on successful areas of development. Therefore, all the models can be considered as justified for the firm Twin Group. They keep on adding to the fact that the organisation can improve their process of functioning with the creative strategies. If the strategies are implemented properly, the organisation has a bright future in the competitive sphere. RReference List Arts, E. 2013. Learning Development: Physical Development - Body doodles. Nursery World, 2013(11). Balapure, A. 2013. Learning Metasploit exploitation and development. Birmingham, UK: Packt Publishing Ltd. Cco.co.il, (2012). Review of existing approaches for evaluating programs for call centre representatives. [online] Available at: https://www.ccp.co.il/portfolio-view/review/ [Accessed 25 Feb.2016]. Cipd.co.uk, (2015). Factsheet. Identifying learning anddevelopment needs. [online] Available at: https://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/identifying-learning-talent-development-needs.aspx [Accessed 6 Jan. 2016]. Cipd.co.uk, (2010). Real world coaching evaluations. [online] Available at: https://www.cipd.co.uk/binaries/real-world-coaching-evaluation_2010-practitioners-guide.pdf [Accessed 23 Feb.2016]. Dangar, H. 2013. Learning Laravel 4 Application Development. Birmingham, UK: Packt Publishing Ltd. Engel, L. 2013. Learning Development: Development Matters - Next steps. Nursery World, 2013(11). Finnegan, F. 2012. Community Education, Learning and Development. Community Development Journal, 47(2), pp.303-306. Manners, L. 2013. Learning Development: Physical Development - Different movements. Nursery World, 2013(1). McCracken, M. 2012. Book review: Organisation Development: Accelerating Learning and Transformation. Management Learning, 43(4), pp.464-467. Park, J. 2014. Course evaluation: reconfigurations for learning with learning management systems. Higher Education Research Development, 33(5), pp.992-1006. Twin Group, 2015. Self-Assessment Report (SAR) Development Plan 2009-2010 . London, Twin Group, Originator: HR , Department: Self-Assessment Report, (SAR) 2009/2010. Watson, A. 2012. Learning Modernizr. Birmingham, UK: Packt Publishing Ltd. Yuan, J. and Kim, C. 2014. Guidelines for facilitating the development of learning communities in online courses. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 30(3), pp.220-232. Bibliography Cipd.co.uk, (2015). Factsheet. Sustainable organisation performance. [online] Available at: https://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/sustainable-organisation-performance.aspx [Accessed 16 Feb. 2016]. Cipd.co.uk, (2015).Factsheet. Evaluating learning and development. [online] Available at: https://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/evaluating-learning-talent-development.aspx [Accessed 21 Feb. 2016]. Home Learning College, 2014. Meeting Organisational Needs. London: Home Learning College. HRmagazine.co.uk, (2015). Coaching and Mentoring: doing more with less budget. [online] Available at: https://www.hrmagazine.co.uk/article-details/coaching-and-mentoring-doing-more-with-less-training-budget [Accessed 24 Feb. 2016]. Moody, R. 2012. Experiential learning creating learning experiences with business impact. Development and Learning in Organisations, 26(3), pp.16-18. Twinuk.com, (2015). Twin Group - Education, Training and Career Development. [online] Available at: https://www.twinuk.com/ [Accessed 4 Jan. 2016]. Xperthr.com, (2015). How to conduct a training needs analysis. [online] Available at: https://www.xperthr.com/how-to/how-to-conduct-a-training-needs-analysis/6716/ [Accessed 20 Feb. 2016].