Social Media free essay sample

Social Media: The Overlord of 21st Century Relationships Twitter, Facebook, Tumblr, Vine, Instagram The list goes on and on. Social media is an ever advancing part of modern society that has not only become a major part of most of our lives but also has played a key role in our relationships. These websites depend on user communication through the internet, which means that nothing is truly face to face. Every message, picture and post can be changed and modified the way the user would like, which can be viewed as either an advantage or disadvantage to the user. Social media also offers convenience and sense of instant gratification as very conversation occurs immediately and quite literally, at the tip of ones fingers, but is it truly worth the toll? The intriguing thing about this concept is that although one has so much control in whats happening, they also have absolutely no control at the same time. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All in all, this epidemic, due to its nature of regressing peoples social habits and causing psychological issues, is damaging to relationships. Extensive use of social media can affect peoples social habits for the worse. Justin Marley, an acclaimed psychiatrist says, having another Internet technology that uses peoples ime might mean that they spend much less time with people in face-to face contact people may become deskilled in using verbal and non-verbal methods of communication in real world interactions Real world interactions might take longer, they might occur less frequently or Twitterers might be less likely to be included by their non-Twittering peers. When a persons only contact with people is through the internet, if faced with real life situations they might not be able to communicate in a proper fashion. This is because they are no longer used to normal colloquial anguage but instead text and chat language. This will make them awkward, which consequently makes it harder for them to maintain a relationship. Other evidence of deteriorating social skills is stated, we are hiding behind the cloak of digital text and spell-check to present superior versions of ourselves while using these less intimate forms of communication to accelerate the courting process. (Kutcher 100). When people hide their true selves behind a screen, they wont be that skilled socially since they are not used to it. If they are not able to properly socialize with the people round them, it could cause issues in their connections with other people. Along with causing a downgrade in human social skills, social media creates psychological issues in people, often ones that deal with their personality. Christine Rosen, editor and author, says, A study found that the more time and more friends people had on Facebook, the more likely they were to agree with the statement that others had better happier lives than they did, and the less likely they were to believe that life is fair. (93). When people get such notions of being unhappier than all their friends, heir self-esteem is lowered. This can create feelings of resentment within the person causing them to behave differently with others and thus negatively affecting their relationships. Another author writes, The addictive use of social media may also stem from a fear of being misunderstood. We can edit and re-edit digital messages as much as we like u ntil we decide weve perfectly conveyed our thoughts. We can make ourselves sound intelligent, meaningful, or witty. Cell phones have become the taces ot their users, and messages nave become direct retlections ot our personalities. (Ghuman 110-111). This implies that people are giving themselves a new identity to the users they are communicating with behind the screen. When these people are asked to perform in real life, their social skills wont be effective because theyre so used to portraying themselves as someone else that they arent able to represent their true identity. This could cause a mint-personality or identity crisis for them, which can put a strain on many relationships. The results of this include misunderstandings and confusion, and neither can do good to the relationship. Many would argue that technology helps social media keep people onnected in an easy quick way. Philip Winterburn says, [Social media] tools enable you to identify and Join self-organizing communities that share your interests. Social media can help find people who are similar to you and help broaden ones social network. It can aid people socially and professionally. In addition, some believe it helps keep memories intact, Nearly four years later, I sometimes type his mail address in the search box in my Gmail. Hundreds of results pop up, and Ill pick a few at random to read. (Armendariz 103). Social media offers an unlimited archive of all our online conversations, as long as you can access the account. It can prove helpful to some by showing previous important documents or even old chats with loved ones. Joining social networks where you can meet people who share the same interests as you, is not a bad thing at all; it Just has its few not-so-minor disadvantage. Rosen writes, [Social media] turns the private bonds of friendship and connection into a mass spectator sport, a game in which we are all simultaneously players and viewers (and one in which Facebook and other companies profit richly from our participation). (95). All your relationships and other intimate details of your life are laid out on a public forum for everyone to see, ruining the true essence of romance and friendship. Also, while Gmail or other social medias provide an archive of your past conversations, The power of a hand-written letter is greater than ever. Its personal and deliberate and means more than an e-mail or text ever will. (Kutcher 100). The memories that may be stored with electronics would be no where as dear to one as handwritten love notes or anything similar. Social media is a significant factor in todays current relationships. Although it is an easy form of communication, it can cause a demotion of ones social skills and personality disorders in people which negatively affects relationships. The constant conversations via the internet can result in awkwardness in real life, thus negatively affecting communication and relationships. Moreover, evidence shows that it can cause anxiety and self-esteem issues in people which could even further develop into depression. Although this media can provide easy communication, it is public for everyone to see the intimate moments and may not be as dear of a memory as a andwritten form. Overall, the disadvantages of the use of social media in a relationship outweigh the benefits. Social Media free essay sample In today’s world where on-line business transaction is a norm, Social Media Outlets are sprouting just about every now and then to cater to the demands of the consumer public as well as to provide the means for different businesses to advertise and promote their respective services into the frontlines. Facebook, by far, is presently one of the leading Social Media platforms1 used by businesses to reach-out to consumers and possible business partners. With this growing trend, the conduct of business has greatly evolved from physically exchanging goods and services where the buyer and seller meet-up face-to-face, into the hassle-free on-line transaction and trading. Although these new means has brought about new challenges and risks in the conduct of business, marketing managers still adhere to the basics of running and promoting their respective businesses. These four (4) components are the foundation and guiding principles of a legally astute marketing manager in weighing day to day decisions in today’s modern world. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first component is having a set of value-laden attitudes on the importance of the law to the firm’s success. Recognizing the importance of the law serves as the foundation in making all the decisions in every corporation. With this follows the observance of a set of corporate standards and attitudes that is anchored on the legality of each action. At the end of the day, it is not the question of how much you have made for the success of the company, but it is on how you did it. The businesses’ reputation is always at stake most specially when promoting products and services online and this requires a great amount of trust and confidence between the company and the buyer/consumer. Observing the legal aspects in every decision and transaction will greatly build-up the company towards positive growth. Role of a legally astute manager. Different solutions and outcomes are studied well in advance to avoid situations that will put the company at risk in the future. This is done through consultation with business strategist and legal advisors to help determine the efficient and effective ways of dealing business and avoiding possible hindrances. These consultations will also provide the manager important and critical information on the legal aspects of running the business. Having these information will lead to the next component of a legally astute manager which is by having the ability to exercise informed judgment when managing the legal aspects of business. A well-informed manager always makes the best decision and will shoulder the responsibility and the outcome of the company’s decisions. Although managers rely most of the time from their legal advisers in dealing with unexpected hindrances, it is but important for the legally astute manager to have a grasp of understanding the legal aspects of the situation at hand in order to come up with a sound decision. Disputes could highly occur in any online business transaction that is why a legally astute social media marketing manager should be always ready with alternative dispute resolutions. Negotiation is one of these alternative dispute resolutions wherein an agreement is made between the consumer and the service provider on any business venture they both might have agreed upon. These negotiations could be forward-looking or also known as transactional negotiations wherein both parties agreed upon the terms of their relationship and iron out the details of their transaction before they will initiate the deal (Bagley, C. 2013). On the other hand, a negotiation could be backward-looking also known as dispute negotiations wherein parties represented by the consumer and the service provider are already engaged in business go back to a negotiating table to resolve an unexpected issue that transpired after a deal was made and has caused a situation that might affect the successful completion of the business transaction. The critical role of the social media marketing  manager on this kind of alternative dispute resolution is to see to it that a set of agreements has been laid-out between the consumer and the service providers before, during and after they both go into a business transaction that utilizes the social media. Mediation is another method of alternative dispute resolution wherein both parties, the consumer and the service provider, has reached to a point and agreed for a neutral third party, known as the mediator, to mutually resolve an issue that transpired in their transaction. Mediators cannot dictate a solution to a problem, it is the disputing parties involved in a mediation process that should find a resolution to their dispute and agree to abide by it themselves. Mediation provides a fast, simple and inexpensive agreeable solution for parties involved who are willing to settle a dispute an d to maintain the business relationship. Arbitration on the other hand is another type of alternative dispute resolution whereby the parties involved in a dispute agreed to seek the aid of a neutral third party, an arbitrator, to find a resolution for them. In arbitration, the disputing parties should abide to the arbitrator’s decision. Among the three alternative dispute resolutions, the most effective in resolving genuine disputes that arise with consumers who may make purchases from businesses that provide links via social media is the Mediation wherein the social media platform acts as the mediator. A good example is when you buy a product online and it turned out to be something different from what you purchased. You can simply return the item back or have it replaced with the right item through a structured process already laid out and designed by the mediator to fix such disputes. Because business transactions made via the cyberspace are sometimes done between entities coming from different nations and/or states, the federal government can best control the transactions on social media under the implementation of the Commerce Clause. The Commerce Clause is a federal authority that gives Congress the power to regulate all activities that will transpire in the social media market. This power to regulate these activities and transactions involves promulgation of laws that will serve as policies and guidelines for both the consumer public and the service providers in order for them to have a business environment conducive of growth and trust. The three branches of the government have varying significant impacts on the overall transactions conducted via the social media. The Judiciary Branch of the government has the jurisdiction in all cases involving the consumers and service providers whether these transactions may be between entities represented by the state, people within the state and people from foreign nations. The Executive Branch of the government refers to the executive powers of the president and the executive departments and agencies that enforce the laws of the land. This branch is responsible for the execution of orders issued by the Judiciary Branch as well as the implementation of laws and regulations created by the Legislative Branch. On the other hand, the Legislative Branch of the government consists of the House and the Senate, collectively known as the Congress. It is the legislative branch that makes all laws that will govern the land. It is also the Congress that decides and declares war, regulates interstate and foreign commerce and controls fiscal policies. The Legislative Branch has the power that can effectuate the most significant impact on regulating e-commerce and other business transactions via the social media market because the Commerce Clause gives Congress the power to regulate commerce with other nations and between states.

Cold War History Essay

Cold War History Essay Cold War History Essay Cold War History Essay If you've got the assignment to write an essay about historical events, Cold War for example, you are expected to write a research paper. Your first task is to go to the library and find necessary information for research essay. Find and analyze as many information as you can, Cold War history essay cannot be based on one article. While writing Cold War history essay, you need to discover, interpret, and revise numerous publications, both primary and secondary.   Cold War, as an essay topic, requires deep understanding of the historical period and relations between the United States and Soviet Union. Essay Writing Tips Once you have visited your local library, collected enough information, and arranged your ideas (created an outline), you are ready to start writing an essay.   English essay format has to consist of three components:   introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion.   Introduction paragraph should contain general information on the period of Cold War, the causes of conflict, tension and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union, their allies, and the overall political situation in the world in the period of 1940s-1990s.   Introduction should contain a thesis statement aimed at helping the reader to understand the Cold War history essay flow. Body paragraph should show your research work. Each paragraph should contain new idea and should start with new line.   English essay body paragraphs should be used to describe the reasons why Cold War tensions appeared and cover ideological differences between the US and the USSR. The US was a capitalist country at that time and the USSR was a communist country. Thus, you might mention that US was afraid of the spread of communism throughout the world. In addition, you should give other examples and support them with specific facts. Cold War history essay conclusion should summarize the main points of the whole essay.   Do not bring new information in the concluding section.   You may conclude with your own interpretation of the historical period and set the direction for further research.   For example, mention the Iron curtain speech, the development of the Atomic Bomb, etc.   Keep in mind that all sources you used or consulted for Cold War history essay writing have to be properly cited within the text as well as at the end of it. Bibliography list has to be formatted in accordance to the style requested by the tutor. Custom Essay Writing Help If you are not sure in your ability to write a good Cold War history essay, if you cannot decide on the overall direction, if you cannot find enough sources to support your ideas, you are welcome to ask writers for assistance!   In addition to final draft of your custom written paper, you get FREE plagiarism report and bibliography list.

Research Proposal (Advertising & Censorship) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

(Advertising & Censorship) - Research Proposal Example With the use of other strategies, advertisements help in building brand image for companies, meaning that clients can easily identify specific companies with specific products and services. In Honk Kong, the need for producers and service providers to be competitive is no different from what exists in other parts of the world as companies are constantly opened up to local and international competition (quote). As noted in the background, competitiveness among companies in Hong Kong is now an important determinant of success for various business operatives. Even though this is a situation that happens with almost every other company, quote (year) singled out the food and alcohol industry and said that these are faced with even stiffer need to be competitive as the industry is regarded as both important and exposed to perfect competition. On a daily basis, new food, beverage and alcohol companies spring up in Hong Kong in different sizes. As noted in the background, most of these companies resort to the use of advertisement to make their presence known to the public. The problem with advertisement from some of these companies however has to do with the consent of their products and the content of their advertisement. Even though even though alcoholic and unhealthy food are not prohibited in Hong Kong, quote (year) laments about how the content of advertisements are not made to reflect the t rue content of products but only to emphasise on persuading clients. In the light of the identified problem above, the proposed study will be carried out with the purpose of comparing alcohol and unhealthy food product in Hong Kong to the United Kingdom (U.K.). This means that the U.K’s model of advertisement and censorship on alcohol and unhealthy food is used as a model to test the rate of acceptability with what prevails in Hong Kong. U.K is selected as the model due to popularity of its advertisement regulations in literature and how

Electroanalytical Technique (Voltammetric techniques) critical review Literature

Electroanalytical Technique (Voltammetric techniques) critical - Literature review Example When compared to methods such as chromatography which uses relatively large amounts of sample with low sensitivity, voltammetry techniques will require few amounts of sample while affording high sensitivity. In addition, wide range of concentration can be used in voltammetry. Voltammetric techniques reduces ions at the electrodes which are usually three the working electrode, auxiliary electrode and reference electrode. Given such wide capabilities, voltametric techniques have been amenable to use in biochemical analyses, environmental studies, plating analysis, pharmaceuticals as well as waste water analyses among other useful applications. Instrumentation In voltammetry basic instruments include the electrochemical cell composed of a three electrodes configuration; a voltamperomeric analyser formed by the potentiostat coupled to a computer system. Working electrode provides the response of the analyte response due to the applied potential. Examples of electrode include mercury electrodes such as Hanging drop mercury electrode (HDME), static drop mercury electrode (DME) and rotating disk electrodes (RDE).Auxiliary electrode is tasked with completing the circuit between the potentiostat and working electrode and examples include platinum and glassy carbon electrodes. Reference potential to the auxiliary and working electrodes is provided by the reference electrodes e.g. Ag/AgCl in KCl and Hg/HgCl in KCl(l). Drugs analysis applies various separation-based techniques such as chromatography and electrophoresis. These techniques are important when following-up metabolism of the drug in complex samples such as urine. However, electroanalytical methods such as voltammetry become vital when samples being analysed contain a single physiologically active component such as the active ingredient in a particular drug. Electroanalytical methods offer advantages such as simple handling of the procedures, high sensitivity, better accuracy and faster speed relative to separation techniques – chromatography and electrophoresis. They also utilise cheaper instrumentation and low cost chemicals. Two electroanalytical techniques exist with the first one being where the surfaces of electrodes are continuously renewed for instance in the dropping mercury electrode. Techniques employing this type of electrode are called polarography and they mainly differ in the approach of application of voltage to the dropping mercury electrode (DME). The second class of techniques belong to techniques which use electrodes whose surfaces are not renewed. Common electrodes in this group include the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). Techniques that record current-voltage curves with these electrodes are referred to voltammetry. Voltammetric Techniques Voltammetric methods have been used in the determination of trace levels of platinum group metals which have traditional employed spectroscopic methods in their determination (Locateli, 2007). Such metals include Osmium, Ruthenium and Iridium. One of the approaches used in determination of these metals is the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The electrodic processes associated with platinum group metals (PGMs); however, present challenges such as the low reversibility degree thereby limiting detection of these trace metals (Kritsotakis et al., 1985). Presented with such challenge of detection limits, some methods have been worked out to con centrate these trace metals onto the working electrode. One technique which has been developed is the adsorptive

The Rise and fall of Enron Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Rise and fall of Enron - Research Paper Example It turned out to be an empire every ambitious employee wanted to work for. With human resource demands, consumer demand and investor interest the empire cemented its position in the market as the best business empire ever created. The business empire was known as Enron Corp. Enron drew interest to all analysts and audit companies. Many analysts predicted a downfall of the Company. However, the downfall was long to come by as Enron made business contracts with many small organizations which reduced their risk exposure and increased asset worth. The predicted collapse of the company finally occurred. Form a market value share of $126 per share the share dropped to a record low below 30cents per share. The collapse was very big that no stakeholder in the company was spared. From employees, investors and partners all experienced the harsh conditions. The fall of the company drew criticism towards the government on its efforts to protect investors. The big fall formed the biggest debate i n the corporate world up to date. With the increasing profits of the company a good management will be the only key to keep the company in its successful status. The growth of a company will reflect on the depth of loss it may incur. In the case of Enron the management was up to the task. The company enrolled top educated professions in the industry. With such a talented workforce the status of Enron seemed to be improving. However this was not the real picture behind the profit making company. The management created an internal conflict in the organization. The management came up with a cruel way or ranking employee performance. The ranking was to decide whether an individual will be fired all retained. Mr. Skilling the then director of operations defended the move saying it would improve the performance. Although the performance levels increased, the conflicts between employees opened up a venue of secrecy within the company. The employees ceased to work as a team as each employee sought to impress Skilling. According to the management they ranking systems made employees work harder. To the employees, the ranking dictated their performance since it would determine their fate in the company. False Impression The secrecy culture in the organization infested even the management. The company had looses in its account books but they were not made public. With the profile of the company still protected, more investors and customers became interested in the company. At the first instant the company was able to contain the loss in the finances without the public being informed. The company continued to venture into high risks investment without the consideration of the investments in its stocks and assets. In the 1990s the U.S market was at its peak and investment opportunities were opening up. With the great profile Enron had in the market, it could not resist the urge to invest. The company had inexperienced staff which was not able to compete in the peak season o f the U.S market. The management again downplayed that fact and ventured into many investments in the period. Permitting organizational abuse After the resignation of the C.E.O Kennedy Lay, Skilling was appointed the C.E.O. From the change in the management of the company, games of personal interest took charge on the finances of the company. The share value dropped to $24 per share. In addition to these mistakes, the management still declined to release in public the financial report of the company. Mr. Skilling resigned as

The Advantage Of Mobile Marketing

The Advantage Of Mobile Marketing Today, marketers are finding it increasingly more difficult to attract and retain their target audience. This is due in part to the impersonal one-way nature of traditional mass-media, and in part to the fragmentation of the media environment. What is more, consumers are no longer impressed with spectacular advertising campaigns and mind boggling special effects, instead they are now thirsty for information and are even willing to pay for it (Haig, 2002). Yet the picture is not all doom and gloom. The new global market of the 21st century has provided many new opportunities and cost effective alternatives for both marketers and consumers alike. For example, the emergence of the mobile smartphone has changed every aspect of our society and has become one of the fastest adopted consumer products of all time. As Chuck Martin points out, we are in the midst of a technological revolution that has far outweighed the television or the personal computer. This third screen, is revolutionizing the marketing landscape and the entire buying process. Mobile smartphones have liberated consumers from the confines of their homes, offices and traditional media environments and empowered them with information right at their fingertips. (Martin, 2011). Mobile marketing comprises many different applications ranging from SMS, MMS, short-codes and location-based services, to apps and direct mobile payment. With more and more people carrying smartphones in their pockets, marketers have the potential to catch them anywhere and anytime. Recent studies show that today there are more mobile devices in use than there are PCs and laptops together. Moreover, according to eMarketer, the amount of time people spend on their phones surfing the internet, listening to music, using apps and playing games has more than doubled in the past two years while the time spent online on computers has grown by just a mere 3.6 percent  [1]  . Nonetheless, that is not to say that traditional media is becoming less important or obsolete. However, due to its passive nature, marketing messages cannot be personalized for different target markets and often end up reaching the wrong audience at the wrong time. With multimedia-rich smartphones and other wireless devices marketers have the ability to send their consumers more personalized and relevant marketing messages wherever and whenever. Likewise, consumers are now able to search for the information they need whenever they need it. Thus, with a well-integrated marketing campaign that includes both traditional and new media businesses and brand owners can increase the customer loyalty, acquisition and most importantly their bottom-line. 1.2 Objective The objective of this thesis is to gain an understanding in the current state of mobile marketing and to identify the advantages of using a mobile smartphone as a direct marketing tool in comparison to traditional mass-media. Moreover, this thesis will examine the potential and future trends of mobile marketing and its implications for companies. 1.3 Methodology This review is based on a number of select books, journal articles, websites and other literature in the field of mobile marketing, digital media and m-commerce. The most popular and commonly cited literature was also selected. The search for relevant literature was based on many keywords including but not limited to: mobile marketing, mobile ads, m-commerce, traditional vs. new media, digital media, and direct marketing. Mobile Marketing 2.1 Definition of Mobile Marketing Before exploring the advantage of using a mobile smartphone as a direct marketing tool we must first define mobile marketing. In short, mobile marketing is a method of connecting people with advertisers via a mobile device. However, with the rising demand for information and communication technology as well as falling prices for broadband internet  [2]  , mobile marketing has become a powerful marketing tool that is shaping the way we do business.  [3]   As Eric Pfanner of New York Times describes, the power of mobile marketing comes mainly from the ability to acquire immense volumes of user-generated data by monitoring their clicks and tracing their whereabouts. Mobile marketing also makes it easier to focus the communication towards targeted audiences giving it a huge advantage over traditional mass-media which targets the public as a whole. But what exactly constitutes mobile marketing and how is it defined? According to the Mobile Marketing Association (MMA), mobile marketing is defined as a set of practices that enables organizations to communicate and engage with their audience in an interactive and relevant manner through any mobile device or network.  [4]  This definition is composed of two important components: a set of practices and engage with audiences. The first component relates to various marketing and e-commerce activities such as advertising, promotion, e-banking, online-purchase and CRM to name a few. Hence, mobile marketing is a set of practices intended at delivering a message, creating value and/or building a relationship with the customer. According to Philip Kotler, renowned professor and marketing theorist, marketing is defined as the science and art of exploring, creating, and delivering value to satisfy the needs of a target market at a profit (Kotler, Wong, Saunders, Armstrong, 2005). One might then say that mobile marketing is the science and art of communicating, engaging, and delivering value that is relevant to the target market at a profit via wireless telecommunication media. The second and more important component in MMAs definition of mobile marketing relates to the relationship between the customer and the marketer. With mobile devices this relationship has shifted from one-way to two- and even multi-way relationships where both the organization and the customer are responding to one another and exchanging information (Shankara Balasubramanian, 2009). Consequently, the purpose is to entice the customer to respond by either push tactics, initiated by the customer in the form of a click or a response, or pull tactics initiated by the marketer  [5]  . Additionally, Rob Stokes of eMarketer explains that there are two forms of mobile engagement. One uses the mobile phones communication features as part of an engagement strategy, and the other drives traffic to an organizations mobile website or application (Stokes, 2011). Either way, marketing messages must be relevant enough that consumers no longer passively consume, but instead actively participate in campaigns, especially in real-time, influencing the scope and the direction of the promotion or marketing message. Kim Dushinski, author of Mobile Marketing Handbook, delves deeper and defines mobile marketing as how businesses communicate with consumers on their mobile devices, with their explicit permission, at the right time, at the right place while providing relevant value (Dushinski, 2009). She calls this smart mobile marketing because not only does mobile marketing rely on the use of smart devices, but it is a uniquely tailored form of communication that it personal and of value to the individual user. More importantly, consumers voluntarily consent to receive advertising or promotional offers which in turn increases the efficiency of the marketing campaign and establishes a more effective and transparent relationship with the consumer  [6]  . To sum up, mobile marketing uses wireless and mobile communication channels for conducting various marketing and e-commerce activities with the aim of establishing deeper and more transparent relationships with individuals as well as target markets. More so, mobile-data can provide marketers and business with valuable information on customers and prospects, including their location, purchasing habits, and many other useful insights which can help them deliver value in a more relevant manner. This is specifically why it is crucial for marketers to consider engaging customers on their mobile devices. 2.2 The 6 Elements of Mobile Marketing Figure : The 6 key elements of mobile marketing Together with the internet the mobile phone has truly transformed the methods by which we communicate and share information. As mobile phones continue to evolve with better and newer features they are also helping to redefine the marketing landscape. As powerful as mobile marketing may be, many businesses are still hesitant or inept at developing strategies and allocating resources to effectively engage their customers on the mobile platform. As a consequence, many opportunities are overlooked or mismanaged. One reason may be the fragmented media environment and consequently shifting consumer habits (DAlleva Colapietro, 2012). Another reason for this incompetence may be the lack of understanding what mobile marketing is and the various forms it can take or the many different kinds of applications and tools that are involved. The model in figure 1 should ideally help marketers make sense of mobile marketing and recognize the potential of engaging customers on their mobile phones. The six elements were produced out of various ideas as well as after extensive review of the literature at hand. Mobile marketing differs from traditional marketing in many ways and the purpose of this chapter will be to discuss these differences based on six distinguishing key elements. Earlier, it was explained that mobile marketing relates to marketing activities conducted via wireless mobile devices and networks and according to Andreas Kaplan to which consumers are regularly connected  [7]  . Likewise, Alex Michael and Ben Salter note that mobile marketing uses the mobile medium for spontaneous, direct, interactive and targeted communications or entertainment between a business and its customers and may occur any time or place. (Michael Salter, 2006). Therefore, the first element of mobile marketing is direct. That is, it can generate an immediate response from the consumer. Philip Kotler et al., explain that direct-marketing is a direct form of communication where individuals and target customers are carefully selected in order to obtain an immediate response (Kotler, Wong, Saunders, Armstrong, 2005). The mobile phone allows both the marketer and the user to connect directly with each other without first having to go through intermediaries such as a pos tal service or broadcasting network (Becker Arnold, 2010). Consequently, with the mobile phone there is a high degree of synchronicity meaning that the sender and the receiver can respond to the message simultaneously (Hongcharu Eiamkanchanalai, 2009). If the consumer is interested in the marketing message they can respond straightaway by either replying to the text message, answering the call or any other form of communication available on their mobile phone. With mass media such as the TV or Magazines, interactivity is near impossible and synchronicity is therefore very low. The second element of mobile marketing is universal. This is because todays smartphones are multimedia-rich devices with a wide array of tools capable of sending and receiving content as text, image, audio and video in addition to making phone calls. Since the aim of advertising is to attract the attention of the consumer by stimulating their senses, mobile marketing is particularly effective in influencing a consumers perception. Moreover, mobile marketing campaigns can incorporate all the facets of effects  [8]   emotion, persuasion, behavior, association, cognition and perception and therefore have a more profound impact on the consumers behavior. Third, mobile marketing is in-context. Due to the ubiquitous nature of mobile phones information can be delivered in real-time depending on the whereabouts and the day-to-day behavior of the user. Therefore, being able to anticipate the location of customers when they receive the marketing messages is integral for the success of any marketing campaign. The mobile phone has become a mundane, everyday item (Michael Salter, 2006). It can be used at home, at work or while being on the move. By considering the customers location, the marketing message can eventually be tweaked to better serve the customers needs (Krum, 2010), and when it comes to local searches, mobile marketing can offer effective solutions. Thus, on the one hand, mobile marketing enables businesses to implement context-aware and targeted advertising, and on the other hand, mobile marketing allows for more personalized pull-type advertisements for consumers (Li Du, 2012). Forth, mobile marketing is personalized-marketing. Communication can be uniquely customized to meet the specific needs of individual customers or target audiences. As mentioned in the beginning of the chapter, advances in information technology and telecommunication have caused a shift from mass marketing to targeted or one-on-one marketing. This has led to a dramatic impact on marketing communication as whole (Kotler, Wong, Saunders, Armstrong, 2005). The fifth element is that mobile marketing is permission-based marketing. As previously mentioned, there are many tools and features built into mobile phones which allow the consumer to opt-in or -out of promotions and updates. The mobile phones also enables both the sender and the receiver to conceal their identity when making a call and therefore providing additional anonymity. However, this calls for stricter regulations in order to protect the privacy rights of individuals and to promote ethical behavior. As Seth Godin explains, permission-marketing is a privilege so when a customer pays attention to the message, business must treat them with respect  [9]  . Last but not least, mobile marketing is interactive. Consumers can interact with the company, the media and with each other through various applications and tools readily available on most mobile smartphones. Where traditional marketing is viewed as a one-way communication process in which the message moves from sender to the receiver, mobile marketing seeks to engage the consumer through interactive dialogue. The message is sent back and forth between the sender and the receiver throughout the entire communication process (Moriarty, Mitchell, Wells, 2012). To conclude, mobile phones have undoubtedly altered the communication process between organizations and their customers. Consequently, this poses vast challenges for businesses and marketers as traditional marketing methods are becoming ineffective and unable to keep up with shifting consumer habits. The one-size-fits-all approach of mass-media no longer applies to knowledgeable and empowered consumers backed with sophisticated technology and rich with information. Consequently, customers no longer want to be talked at, instead, they want firms to listen, engage, and respond (Kietzmann, Hermkens, McCarthy, Silvestre, 2011) as well as provide useful and relevant information. 2.3 The Rise of Mobile Marketing Mobile phones are widespread and of great importance to mankind. With the power of the internet they allow people from all around the world to connect almost instantly irrespective of time and place. But smartphones are not only communication devices. Nowadays they are being used while shopping, banking and even as technical utilities such as operating pumps from remote locations  [10]  . Mobile phones are also great for staying up-to-date on the news and for receiving alerts on personal monetary transactions  [11]  . The rising popularity of mobile phones provides many new opportunities for businesses as well as individuals. According to recent studies, they are the number one preferred communications medium (Li Du, 2012), and because they are personal and accessible at all times it is no wonder that more and more marketers are adopting mobile phones in their campaigns. With the introduction of broadband internet and innovative developments in communication technologies many industries are becoming increasingly more involved with digital media. News networks such as CNN, BBC and Reuters now offer mobile apps. Likewise, food and beverage companies like Coca-Cola, Starbucks and McDonalds deliver coupons to mobile handsets. Mobile phones have created a new breed of always connected consumers. For many people around the world the mobile phone has become a personal and everyday tool used for surfing and communicating online (Michael Salter, 2006). The mobile has also paved the path for new forms commerce that can be conducted wirelessly and on-the-go (m-commerce). As explained in chapter 2.1, Mobile Marketing refers to any method of engaging and developing a relationship with the customer in order to deliver value at a profit and which is conducted via a mobile network. Thus, users no longer depend on wired networks and personal computers, instead they now use mobile communication device such as their mobile phones or tablet PCs to conduct various e-commerce activities (Ngai Gunasekaran, 2007). Number of People with Access to a Mobile Phone Furthermore, the graph in figure 3 shows the percentage of page views coming from mobile devices globally and regionally. Several studies indicate that mobile internet will soon take over desktop internet usage. Hence, we can observe that 10.1% of all the pages viewed during May last year were from a mobile device. Likewise, mobile web penetration is strongest in Asia and Africa with 18% and 12.9% page views respectively. Throughout the world people have become interlinked with each other on their mobile phones and other devices. The near ubiquity that mobile phones have to offer is generating many new economic opportunities for the whole society. The scope of mobile devices has reached unprecedented proportions. Nearly everyone on the planet can be engaged with a mobile device. In developing countries, it may be the only way to engage someone digitally (Becker Arnold, 2010). In Kenya for instance, the mobile phone has become and vital part of cash-transfer schemes  [14]  allowing the poor in rural areas to purchase goods. In Peru, mobile phones and tablet computers have become a main source of knowledge among pupils. Likewise, various social networking sites and web apps such as Twitter or Facebook have in many ways influenced the Arab spring. Social media is no longer the domain of the liberal youth, empowering different agendas across the political map.  [15]   Mobile technologies have provided many economic and political opportunities which have helped people lead better lives and make their opinions heard within their communities. This is because mobile phones have, in many countries, become much cheaper than personal computers. As such, smartphones are often considered a persons first personal phone as well as first personal computer (Krum, 2010). Global Mobile Marketing Spending In the context of mobile marketing, eMarketer predicts that global spending is expected to rise 400% in the coming four years from $8.4 billion in 2012 to nearly $37 billion in 2016. This growth is mainly due to increasing smartphone and tablet sales  [17]  . The Number of Users/Minutes Spent on Apps per Month And with regards to smartphones, it is estimated that there are 1 billion active mobile app users worldwide spending a total of 101 billion minutes a month on apps. The facts and figures presented in this chapter aim to show the importance of the mobile medium in modern day marketing. It is clear that mobile phones have become an integral part of our daily lives. Since we spend a large portion of our time logged-in to our phones, it seems self-evident that mobile phones are the most convenient and direct channel for reaching and engaging customers at every stage of the life cycle. Whether it is to sell a product or service, deliver information, or to make life easier, the mobile phenomenon has rapidly disseminated making that which is on the opposite side of the globe seem very real and local. Businesses should not hesitate to tap into the realm of the mobile medium. 2.4 Push and Pull The main difference between push and pull marketing lies in the way a consumer is approached. While push tactics are usually initiated by the brand owner without necessarily obtaining permission from the user, pull tactics attempt to draw the consumer to the brand by offering something of value  [19]  and establishing loyalty. In traditional mass-media the same messages are pushed out to everyone including people who are not within the marketers target audience. With mobile marketing customers will, on their own terms, choose when and what they see. Melissa Rucker makes the following observation in regards to pull marketing: They choose to opt-in to your message regardless of the channel in which it is delivered, which means you have to make it has[sic!] easy to opt-in as possible. This trend toward opt-in pull marketing is partially why social and mobile marketing are a critical aspect for marketing success.  [20]   2.5 Opt-in and opt-out While mobile marketing has been around since the 90s it is still quite a young discipline and deeply rooted in traditional marketing strategies. As such, the methods used to push content through mobile networks resemble interruption marketing common in traditional mass-media. Similar to how commercials interrupt a television program or pop-up windows come into view on a computer screen, push techniques via mobiles are sometimes invasive and often happen without prior approval from the end-user  [21]  . According to Kim Dushinski, sending content via mobile devices and especially text messages to people who havent explicitly requested them is unethical and in many countries even illegal  [22]  . This calls for the need for extensive revision of traditional marketing and advertising practices with new rules and methods for engaging and interacting with consumers on their mobile phones. One method briefly discussed in chapter 2.2 is permission-based communication which allows users to opt-in or -out of marketing messages by obtaining legal authorization. For instance, signing-up online, filling out a registration form or responding to an SMS are all methods by which consumers can opt-in. Such guidelines are not only significant in protecting consumers from unsolicited messages, but promote ethical behavior and are very effective too. The real trick however, is to develop a marketing campaign that generate demand and encourages people to opt-in. Users today are bombarded with infinite spam messages, promotional offers and obtrusive pop-ups. Thus, it is important to recognize the specific needs and wants of the consumers and to create more appealing and user-friendly campaigns in order to build long-lasting and profitable relationships. 2.6 The Tools of Mobile Marketing Mobile marketing is only as powerful as the hardware permits. The advances and capabilities of mobile marketing are therefore directly linked to the mobile phone and its networks. Before launching a mobile marketing campaign it is imperative to understand what type of devices exist on the market and what tools and applications are available to best meet the needs of the customers. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a primer into the different tools commonly found on the mobile medium and to explain their application within a marketing context. But before going into much detail it would be useful to provide a short comparison between basic mobile phones and smartphones. Essentially, it all boils down to two main aspects: the Operating System (OS) and the hardware specifications. With basic mobile phones the user is often tied down to a closed operating system and without the ability to extend its features. This kind of phone connects to a so called 2G wireless radio network and provides limited functionality such as voice communication, Short Message Service (SMS) and Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS). Newer mobile phones may feature a watered-down version of the Internet such as WAP which allows for text-based Web browsing, instant messaging and e-mailing. On the other hand, according to SmartphonesAppsPedia, a smartphone is defined as a mobile phone offering advanced capabilities, often with PC-like functionality or ability to download apps.  [23]  As such, a smartphone can not only connect to 2G networks, but also newer 3G as well as Wi-Fi networks. Consequently, the smartphone integrates the features of a basic mobile phone with the features of a computer to allow the user to store personal information, send and receive e-mails, surf the internet and install programs that extend the functionality of the onboard operating system. 2.6.1 Text Messaging (SMS and MMS) Text messaging is an effective and cost efficient way to market any product or service with the ability to reach out to customers via bulk SMS (or MMS). It is one of the oldest features available on almost any mobile phone. SMS are digital messages which hold up to 160 alphanumeric characters and can be sent to and from a mobile phone. Alternatively, MMS extends the capabilities of SMS and includes multimedia content such as graphic, audio and video in addition to text messages. SMS and MMS can be sent as a form of personal communication from one mobile phone directly to another and can also be sent commercially via text messages services that relay content to multiple phones simultaneously (Dushinski, 2009). It is estimated that roughly 7.8 trillion SMS messages were sent worldwide in 2011 and this number will continue to grow throughout 2013. Furthermore, it is expected that by 2013 worldwide SMS revenue will break the $150 billion mark for the first time  [25]  . The immense popularity of SMS and MMS comes from the fact that they are straightforward person-to-person messaging service that are simple to grasp and have widespread support (Michael Salter, 2006). In the context of mobile marketing, text messaging has become increasingly popular as it provides great ways for interacting with customers and provides cheap access to information. The usage of SMS and MMS among phone users is quite high and forecasts show it will remain that way for some time to come (Michael Salter, 2006). One of the main advantages of a text messaging campaign is that it is easy to implement and most affordable as it can be applied across various mobile platforms and carriers (Dushinski, 2009). SMS and MMS marketing are particularly effective in enticing customers or potential customers to participate in a marketing campaign and in stimulating consumer purchasing. For instance, reality shows such as ÃÆ'-sterreich sucht den Superstar or American Idol prompted viewers in participating in the final votes for their favorite musical act by sending special keywords to short codes (SC). Coca Cola, on the other hand, has repeatedly run a long-term sweepstake where secret numbers are hidden beneath the bottle caps and when sent via SMS to a short code, consumers could win prizes. By responding to these campaign users are opting-in or subscribing to receive marketers messages or updates as well as allowing them to expand their database. When integrated with traditional mass media, text messages can also generate large ROI. However, mobile marketing can be challenging and if done wrong may even deter customers or potential clients. Susan Gunelius of Creative Inc. recommends following five tips for better text messing campaigns  [26]  : Brief, clear and precise communication. Customers must recognize the purpose and be able to respond accordingly. Addressing the customer appropriately and avoiding the use abbreviations and slang terms (common in spam messages) otherwise they will be ignored. Text messages should ideally enhance the user experience as soon as it is read by offering important information or something else of value. For example, real-time information based on a customers geo-location. The sender and or brand should be clearly identifiable in order to be traceable, accountable and promote ethical behavior. Making the customer feel exceptional and avoiding clutter in order to entice them to opt-in or remain subscribed to the service. 2.6.2 QR Codes Originally invented in Japan for tracking products in factories  [28]  , today quick response codes (QR) have become indispensable marketing tools we can no longer do without. QR Codes like the one depicted above in figure 7 are 2D bar codes that can be captured via a mobile phones camera and converted into text, links and image or used as vouchers among other things. The rapid rise in popularity for QR codes lies in the fact that they enable traditional mass media to become interactive and measurable since each QR code is unique and traceable. In the context of mobile marketing, QR codes can be used in a variety of ways and can be integrated into any type of media including TV commercials, print advertising, digital displays or infoscreens, business cards, mailers an

College Students and Suicide

College Students and Suicide College Students and Suicide By contrast, only 15. 3 percent of Americans overall have had such thoughts, the World Health Organization’s World Mental Health Survey Initiative reported last February. The survey, part of a wider-ranging continuing study on student suicidal behaviors being conducted by David Drum, a professor of education psychology at the University of Texas at Austin, questioned 26,000 undergraduate and graduate students at 70 U. S. institutions. The results raise the startling suggestion that suicidal thoughts could be a common experience on par with substance abuse, depression and eating disorders, Drum said. The survey defined considering suicide as having at least one episode of suicidal thinking at some point. Slightly more than half of students said they fit that category, which is known as suicide ideation. When researchers asked about more serious episodes, 15 percent said they had â€Å"seriously considered† attempting suicide. More than 5 percent of students said they had actually attempted suicide, which is the second-leading cause of death for college students, compared to its ranking of ninth among the U. S. population at large, according to the National Alliance on Mental Health. 2 â€Å"Relief from emotional or physical pain† was the top reason students cited for suicidal thinking, followed by problems with romantic relationships. A generalized desire to end their lives was next, followed by problems with school or academics. The study extrapolated that at an average college with 18,000 undergraduate students, 1,080 of them would seriously contemplate taking their lives in any year, numbers that pose troubling issues for college administrators. The survey identified growing levels of distress among college students and diminishing resources to handle the consequences. They found that half of students who had had suicidal thoughts never sought counseling or treatment. We know only a quarter of suicide patients are our clients, which means 75 percent of them never come through our doors,† said Chris Brownson, director of the Counseling and Mental Health Center at the University of Texas. Drum and other researchers said colleges needed a new model, shifting the emphasis from narrowly focused treatments involving suicidal students and a small number of mental health professionals, to one hat involved the entire campus in addressing student stresses. Suicide is a public and mental issue. The focus on dec reasing the numbers needs to be on prevention, building resilience in students and creating supportive communities. In college students, the warning signs of depression which ultimately leads to suicide are, a previous suicide attempt, talking about suicide, and drug or alcohol abuse

How the World Began Essay

A long long time ago, when there was yet no world, there were three gods who lived in a small circular space of great brightness called a banting, and encircled by a rainbow. The space was just large enough for the two gods, Magbabaya and Dadanyahan, to sit across each other. The third god, the winged Makabughaw, sat precariously between the two and had to flap his wings continuously to maintain his balance. Makabughaw’s flapping of his wings created the first wind. Taking pity on Makabughaw, the one-headed Magbabaya (meaning Your will be done) decided to build an extension so the poor Makabughaw could rest. To this, he had to scoop soil from under the ten-headed Dadanyahan. He asked Makabughaw to do his for him. After studying the situation, Makabughaw swooped into Dadanyahan mouths and divided right through him so he could get soil from that point. He gave the soil to Magbabaya who created earth from it.However, the earth was dry. How could it be turned lush and green? As Magbabaya puzzled over the problem, he happened to glance at Dadanyahan’s ten drooling mouths. Suddenly, he realized where he could get enough water to sprinkle over the earth. Dadanyahan agreed to the plan. Magbabaya blessed Dadanyahan’s saliva and the rain poured. Water washed over the earth. It shaped the mountains, hills, valleys, and plains; it made the streams, rivers and huge seas and oceans. Soon, vegetation began to sprout and grow. But this huge garden needed someone to take care of it. The two gods scooped some earth, and with t he help from Dadanyahan’s saliva , turned it into sticky clay to form a figure. They collected wood for its bones, rattan for its blood vessels and water for its blood. They molded seven figures on Magbabaya’s image. After the seventh figure was molded, Magbabaya had to leave to take care of a few things. But before leaving, he told Dadanyahan no to tamper with the figures. Left alone with the figures, Dadanyahan could not help touching them up the way he thought they should look. Magababaya returned to find Dadanyahan using his creative talents on the figures. This triggered fight between them, which Makabughaw tried to arbitrate in vain. The two gods dueled with each other until their metal weapons sank to the ground. The human race later forged these minerals into its own weapons and modes of transport. Finally, the warring gods reached an  agreement. Because Dadanyahan had made the final form of the figures, he kept the six figures while Magbabaya had only one since it was he who thought up the idea. Dadanyahan’s six figures became the various engkanto of guardians of the soil, water, and marine life, the plants, forests and creatures of the forest. Magbabaya’s lone figure became the first human being. The bits of clay cut from the figures as they were being molded became lower forms of animals. Thus, did the world begin. .

An analysis of the character John Nash in the movie A beautiful Mind.

An analysis of the character John Nash in the movie A beautiful Mind. Introduction Various theories have been fronted by psychological professionals to explain the reasons why individuals respond to changes in their lives in a particular way. Elizabeth Hutchinson has particularly provided extensive studies on different theoretical perspectives that can be used to analyze an individual’s situation in her book titled, â€Å"Dimensions of Human Behavior: Person and Environment.†Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on An analysis of the character John Nash in the movie A beautiful Mind specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay is based on a study carried out on the character John Nash from the film A Beautiful Mind. Hutchinson’s theoretical perspectives will serve as guides in the analysis assisted by the work of various other writers. Five theoretical perspectives have been used to analyze Nash’s situation in relation to the society in which he lives. These fiv e theories are part of the eight perspectives which Elizabeth Hutchinson has explained in detail in her book Dimensions of Human Behavior (2008). Synopsis of the movie A Beautiful Mind John Nash (Russell Crowe) is awarded the prestigious Carnegie prize for mathematics and joins Princeton University. Initially, he is supposed to have a room to himself but he is surprised to find that he has a roommate by the name Charles. Charles is a literature student and the two soon become friends. Other than Charles, members of Nash’s social circle at Princeton are either Mathematics or Science graduate students, amongst them his greatest rival in class, Martin Hansen. For his thesis paper, Nash works on a theory in mathematical economics; a concept that is inspired by an unsuccessful attempt to chat up a woman at a bar. He finally graduates and accepts an offer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology A Beautiful Mind 4 (MIT). While working as a Mathematics lecturer at MIT five years down the line, he falls in love with Alicia Larde (Jennifer Connelly), one of his students, and they eventually get married. Later, Nash returns to Princeton where he meets Charles, his former roommate and Charles’ niece, Marcee. He also meets William Parcher (Ed Harris), a mysterious agent who invites him to the United States Defense Department located at the Pentagon for an assignment. He (Nash) is expected to crack a very complex encryption code to an enemy’s telecommunication network. His fellow hackers are amazed and at the same time impressed by how easily he cracks the code.Advertising Looking for term paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After this incredible success, Nash is assigned a new task to look for patterns in various publications; information which would be used to stop an invasion plan by the Soviet. He is instructed to deliver the report of his findings to a par ticular mailbox. The Russians become aware of his involvement and hunt him down with the aim of killing him. The danger he finds himself in makes him paranoid and he starts making inconsistent decisions. While giving a lecture at Harvard University, he notices a group of people watching him and attempts to flee. His pursuers soon catch up with him and after putting him under sedatives, they send him to a psychiatric hospital. His paranoia causes him to perceive the attendants at the facility as Soviet kidnappers on a mission to obtain unlisted information from him. Alicia, goes to the mailbox and recovers the documents that Nash had deposited months earlier and uses them to confront him. It is then that he is convinced that he has been hallucinating. He discovers that the meetings with Marcee, Charles’ niece as well as the encounters with Parcher have all been A Beautiful Mind 5 figments of his imagination. He receives insulin shock therapy and is released from the facility o n condition that he promises to take antipsychotic medication. Unfortunately, the drugs that he is prescribed to negatively affect his intellectual capacity and the frustration that ensues puts a strain on his marriage. He finally gets off the medication and relapses into psychosis. The situation is so bad that he almost drowns his son while bathing him. His wife takes the child and attempts to run away for fear of losing their lives but he blocks the car’s path. It suddenly occurs to him that Marcee never grows old since the first time he met her and he once again accepts that he has been hallucinating. He finally resigns to the fact that he has to live on medication and even gets a job at Princeton courtesy of his old-time academic rival, Martin Hansen who happens to be the head of the institution.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on An analysis of the character John Nash in the movie A beautiful Mind specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/pag e Learn More Eventually, he is allowed to teach again and wins several accolades including a Nobel Prize in economics for his work in Mathematics. Character analysis The analysis character John Nash can be approached from perspectives which include psychological, social and spiritual (Hutchinson, 2008: Carter, McGoldrick, 2004). Psychologically, Nash is initially a well balanced individual who is able to make informed decisions on his own. However as the film continues, he starts becoming unstable as the film proceeds with paranoia taking the best of him. Socially, Nash is very awkward in the sense that he does not know how to relate with women or even men who are not as bright as him. This aspect limits his life by confining his relations to A Beautiful Mind 6 the very few people that can understand him. Spiritually, Nash can be described as an earthly person since from the film he is not linked to a particular religion. Environmental factors contribute to the deve lopment of a character Theoretical perspectives Theoretical perspectives are ideas that are suggested for analysis of a situation based on the surrounding factors (Carter, McGodrick, 2004). These theories are descriptions of the various features surrounding an individual that make him respond to situation in a particular way. For instance the most common aspects of society that play into the development of an individual include personal, family, community and environmental attributes (Greene, 2002). Review of theoretical perspectives described by Hutchinson. In her book, Dimensions of Human behavior, Hutchinson explains eight factors which determine an individual’s character. These are briefly summarized below:Advertising Looking for term paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Systems Perspective- This theory fronts the idea that in society all aspects that surround human beings are interconnected Conflicts Perspective-This is a view that in society there has to be inequalities for relations to the systems to run effectively. Social Behavioral Perspective- This is a concept that links the development of human behavior to observation of certain aspects of society. Developmental Perspective-Studies human development as a series of changes happening at various points in their lives. A Beautiful Mind 7 Humanistic perspective- This theory is based on the fact that human beings are able to evolve and reinvent themselves. It mainly helps to explain why changes happen in life. Rational choice perspective- This perspective views human beings as individuals with the ability to make defendable choices. Social Constructionist perspective- This theory is an analysis of the diversity of the life basing on the premise that what happens today is not necessarily what will happen tomorrow. Psychodynamic perspective- This is also an analysis of the constant changes that occur in human life. Of these eight perspectives, five were selected to analyze the character of John Nash, picked from the film A Beautiful Mind. These five are the systems, conflict, developmental, social behavioral and the humanistic perspectives. Systems perspective This theory analyses society by the functions that are carried out by its various elements. These functions are mainly cultures, traditions and institutions that work together resulting in the proper functioning of the whole system. The most common analogy used to support this theory is organicism whereby society is viewed as a living creature whose various parts have to be coordinated for proper functioning of the whole (Bertalanffy, 1968). Various premises have been fronted to support this theory; these are: A Beautiful Mind 8 Society comprises independent parts whose functions are however interrelated. Each part of society has certain standards and fixed roles. The different parts of society can at no time be equal; some are of more significance than others (Churchman, 1968). The systems in society have boundaries which give them individual uniqueness. Change taking place in society is gradual and incremental. The film A Beautiful Mind is full of networks which effectively make the society function naturally. When Nash reports to Princeton College, he is assigned a roommate, Charles with whom he strikes a close friendship. Their association contributes to the well-being of each one of them. Charles serves as the only link that Nash has with the social world while Nash’s awkwardness in interacting with people helps Charles have a sense of dominance which balances Nash’s superiority in academics. The university administration has a well defined relationship with the students. It however has more power over the students and doesn’t fail to exercise this authority. The most i mportant network in the entire film starts when Nash meets and marries Alicia. Together with their child, they make a small social unit with everybody playing a role aimed at looking after the welfare of the other members of the family. As a husband and father Nash’s actions bear a direct impact on his family. When he starts having paranoid schizophrenic attacks, he is unable to function properly in both at work and at the home causing a lot of worry to his wife. At some point he almost drowns his infant son and therefore fails to A Beautiful Mind 9 provide the sense of security that he is expected to deliver as a father. Alicia as well has to deal with changes occurring in her life. Aside from taking care of their son, she also has to watch over her husband and keep him from hurting himself. She gets him admitted at a psychiatric hospital and also goes out of her way to find the letter that he had delivered to a mailbox and uses it to bring him to reality. Their little famil y has boundaries which keep other people from completely interfering with its internal affairs. Outsiders step in to offer a hand only when invited. For instance, Nash is picked up and taken to the psychiatric hospital only when Alicia calls and asks for assistance. Conflict perspectives This perspective is based on the fact that there are inequalities in society which are either political or socio-economic in nature (Lenski, 1966). It is set on the following five premises: People, when acting either as individuals or in groups, try to impose their interests on others. Power and authority are not equally divided among social groups. There are some groups which are dominant over others (Odum, 1994). Order in society is achieved by the dominant groups manipulating the smaller groups. If there is no open conflict in a society, then one group is being exploited. Change in society is brought about by conflict whereby lengthy phases of stability are interrupted by periods of change. A B eautiful Mind 10 Conflict presents itself in the film in a number of incidents. When Nash reports to Princeton, he expects to be given a single room. The college however allocates him a shared room and since there is nothing much he can do to change the situation, he accepts things as they are. The destabilization of Nash’s mental functioning results in conflict within his family. His mental problems cause him to have little or no power over his wife. Alicia on her part gets some measure of power in the sense that she can call the psychiatric hospital and get them to handle her husband’s condition. She however has no control over his paranoia when he stops taking medication and has to depend on him to figure out things for himself. When Nash finally agrees to live on medication, he resigns to the fact that he has no power over his mental forces. This decision however serves him well by giving him back his role as breadwinner. He can now have some authority over his wif e and son. However, when he goes looking for a job, his sense of power is dominated by more powerful forces existing in the job market. He has to depend on old acquaintances to get a job. He therefore has to operate under the terms and conditions of these powerful characters. Developmental perspective The focal point of this perspective is how human character is modified and remains the same in certain parts of the life cycle. The development of humans is regarded as a multifaceted interaction of psychological, biological and social progressions which happen in well distinguished stages of life (Long, 2001). With each A Beautiful Mind 11 new stage, changes are brought about in the social roles of individuals as well as their status. This perspective is based on the five premises listed below: Human growth takes place in various phases that are dependent on the age of the individual. Life stages are qualitatively distinct from each other. Developmental stages in life happen chronolo gically with each stage structuring on earlier stages. Transition from one stage in life to another demands that changes occur in roles played by an individual as well as in the status of the person. Human development depends on the interaction of social, biological and psychosomatic factors. The Nash family can be studied in terms of the developmental obligations that each member has to take care of. Nash develops paranoid schizophrenia and has to constantly battle hallucinations. He finally realizes that he cannot make it without the use of medication. As much as the drugs help him function normally, they have the negative side effect of causing him to lose his intellectual capabilities. This is a very frustrating development since he is used to always being the smartest. With a family to take care of, Nash has to accept whatever job he can get regardless of how lowly it is compared to his previous occupation. Alicia on her part has to grow into the role of mother to her child an d caregiver to her husband. She becomes the voice of reason and has to exercise dominion over her husband in order to keep the family intact. This new roles reduce her span of operation A Beautiful Mind 12 To within the house and her primary interactions are her husband and son; her social network is killed. Social behavioral perspective The social behavioral perspective works under the principle that human beings acquire character traits by their interaction with the environment (Layton, 1997). The following five premises help support this theory. Human behavior is acquired when people interact with each other and with their environment (Schmuel, Horst, 1985). Any learned behavior can be modified. Human character is acquired through the corroboration of personal expectations and consequence. All problems that individuals face can be expressed as objectionable behavior. Similar learning processes happening in separate environments will result in marked differences in human characte r. From the film, there are various things that may have happened earlier in Nash’s life that cause him to suffer mental destabilization. Perhaps he lost a sister called Marcee at childhood who he now sees as Charles’ niece. Marcee could also be a child from a past relationship that we have not been told about. In other words, there are endless possibilities as to who Marcee could be. His interaction with Parcher and assignment to top secret jobs could have been unfulfilled childhood dreams. Being a socially retarded individual there is also a possibility that Nash could not handle the A Beautiful Mind 13 roles he was assigned when he got married since they required that he had other people to think of before making certain decisions. This is unlike in his single days when everything was aimed at developing his personal intellect. Alicia fits into her roles perfectly. She sticks to her responsibility as mother and at no time considers terminating her marriage even whe n the conditions seem unfavorable. Her determination could have been influenced by past experiences. She could have been raised by a single mother and had understood the challenges that children in such homes faced. There is also a chance that her father may have been incapacitated at one time and her mother nursed him to stability and therefore by extension she (Alicia) is putting into practice something she had learned earlier in life. Humanistic perspective This perspective strives to emphasize the freedom of individuals to act in certain ways as well as the pursuit of significance (Berger, 1963). The humanistic perspective is founded on the following ideas: Each person is uniquely different and has distinctive values. Everybody is personally responsible for choices that he/she makes within the thresholds of freedom. Human beings have the ability to revolutionize themselves. Character is motivated by an aspiration for growth and by a yearning to relate with other individuals. In dividuals make psychological ultimatums on each other and efforts to meet such demands end up in angst. A Beautiful Mind 14 In some way, John Nash shows some level of perseverance over the challenges that come with mental instability. He has had to compromise trading his superior intellectual capabilities for proper functioning within the society. The conditions he finds himself in may not give him much of an option but he is an adult capable of making choices and sometimes rethinks these choices. This is shown when he stops taking medication on account of the negative effects it has on his brain. As an analyst however, these are just presumptions and there is a desire to meet Nash and hear his side of the story as well as get to know how he perceives his current situation. Alicia deserves a lot of admiration for her commitment towards her husband and child. She makes the decision to stay in the marriage and help work things out even when the chances of success appear odd. However, it is assumed that she makes choices consciously and it is only until someone gets to interview her that her opinions regarding her situation can be revealed. Reasons for selecting the perspectives above The above five perspectives were chosen because of their effectiveness to comprehensively analyze real life situations. Each perspective has its strengths and limitations and therefore cannot be used individually if a proper analysis is to be carried out. The systems perspective was chosen because of its ability to illustrate the importance of networks within a small group of individuals as well as link this small group to the wider society. This perspective however has the limitation of appearing too abstract in the sense that it does not only define human interactions but also includes A Beautiful Mind 15 the influence of other societal aspects such as the economy on human beings. Sociology is a field of study that generally emphasizes the notion of change. As a sociological theo ry therefore, the systems perspective appears too conservative by insisting on the aspect of maintenance of stability within the system. The conflict perspective was chosen because within any society there has to be variances. Its ability to illustrate how balance is maintained in society by individuals trying to exercise dominion over others clearly helps understand certain behavioral characteristics. It also has the weakness of being too abstract by not clearly focusing on human relations with each other. The developmental perspective was selected because it considers the fact that human beings are always undergoing changes in their lives. These changes require people to adapt to new ways of doing things whether they like it or not. The social behavioral perspective was used because of its relevance in analyzing learned human behavior. However, its major weakness is that it fails to factor in the innate characteristics of individuals in its insistence that all behavior is learned from experience. Finally, the humanistic perspective was included in the analysis because the study character was a fully grown man capable of making independent decisions. This perspective’s major limitation is the fact that it does not consider factors that may affect an individual’s capacity to make informed choices such as mental illness. Challenges A Beautiful Mind 16 The major challenge in analyzing this case was the fact that most of the events happening in the film are hallucinations. Actions or relations happening in these parts could not be used in the analysis and they all had to be categorized under paranoia. The few events that were happening outside Nash’s brain had to form the basis of study and this posed a slight challenge in the scrutiny. Another challenge came in the form of choosing which perspectives to use in the essay because all eight perspectives could effectively explain some events taking place in the life of John Nash. This was howeve r resolved by selecting perspectives that had fewer and less critical limitations. Reference List Berger, P.L. (1963). Invitation to Sociology: A Humanistic Perspective. New York: Anchor press/Doubleday. Bertalanffy, L.V. (1968). Organismic Psychology and Systems Theory. Worchester: Clark University Press. Carter, B. McGoldrick, M. (2004). The Expanded Family Life Cycle: Individual, Family,  and Social Perspectives. (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Churchman, C.W. (1968). The systems approach. New York: Laurel. Greene, R.R. (2002). Resiliency: An integrated approach to policy practice and  research. Washington D.C: NASW Press. Hutchingson, E.D. (2008) Dimensions of Human Behavior. (3rd ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications. Layton, R. (1997). An Introduction to Theory in Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lenski, G. E. (1966). Power and Privilege: A Theory of Social Stratification. Ryerson. Canada: McGraw-Hill. Long, N. (2001). Development sociology: Actor p erspectives. New York: Routledge. Odum, H. (1994). Ecological and General Systems: An introduction to systems ecology.  Colorado: Colorado University Press. Schmuel, N.E., Horst, J.H. (1985). Perspectives on Sociological Theory: Micro-  sociological theory. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.

N.B. Meaning

N.B. Meaning Now, pay attention! Thats the basic meaning of N.B.  -   the abbreviated form of the Latin phrase nota bene (literally, note well). N.B. still appears in some forms of academic writing as a way of steering readers attention toward something particularly important. Two or three centuries ago, when classical Latin was widely taught in British and American schools, it wasnt unusual for Latin expressions to appear in English prose. For proof, pick up an American dollar bill and look at the Great Seal of the United States on the reverse (or greenback) side. There on the left, just above the floating eye and the unfinished pyramid, is the Latin phrase Annuit Coeptis, loosely translated as Providence has approved our undertaking. At the base of the pyramid is MDCCLXXVI (1776 in Roman numerals) and below that the motto Novus Ordo Seclorum (a new order of the ages). To the right, on the ribbon in the eagles beak, is the countrys first motto, E Pluribus Unum, or one out of many. Now thats a lot of Latin for a buck! But keep in mind that the Great Seal was approved by Congress way back in 1782. Since 1956 the official motto of the U.S. has been In God We Trust -   in English. As the Romans used to say, Tempora mutantur, nos et mutamur in illis (Times change, and we change with them). Nowadays, with a few exceptions (such as A.D., a.m., and p.m.), abbreviations for Latin words and phrases have become rare in ordinary writing. And so our advice regarding most Latin abbreviations (including e.g., etc., et al., and i.e.) is generally to avoid using them when an English word or phrase would do just as well. If you must use them (say in footnotes, bibliographies, and technical lists), consider these guidelines on how to tell them apart and use them correctly.

Why did the colonists want independence from England Essay

Why did the colonists want independence from England - Essay Example Another reason for independence is that the colonists did not view themselves as British. They considered themselves as Americans since they had lived in America all their life. England also kept a close eye on them on every move. They were kept under watch like children and they did not like it. England also ignored their attempts to address their grievances. They ruled them the way they wanted and not in collaboration. The religious issues between the British and colonialists also caused differences and brought thoughts of independence.Politically, the colonists wanted representation in the government, which the British did not allow. Due to lack of representation, they felt oppressed by the rules passed by the government. The colonists wanted a government formed and governed by themselves (Hyser and Arndt 36). They wanted to rule themselves and form their own rules and laws. They also wanted to prove to France that they could win the war and they were ready to help them. Forming a n alliance with French government also gave them hope for victory and they thought it better to fight for independence.Economically, England was imposing high taxes on the colonists, which they did not like. In addition to this, England did not allow them to trade with other countries (Hyser and Arndt 88). They were only confined to trade with England on all the goods they wanted to trade which they did not want. These reasons made them crave for independence, which they got through revolting and fighting.

Answer questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Answer questions - Essay Example These principles remain the bedrock of modern management theory; recent researchers have reï ¬ ned or developed them to suit modern conditions and part of it is the use of information system to make the management’s five activities to be more efficient. All of these management activities involve effective handling of information and this is where effective information systems come in helpful. For example, in performing the controlling aspect of management, it would involve handling various set of information to check if certain standards are met in production, sales or other business function. Information system will help me get this information through a network and handling this massive amount of information will be easier through the use of information software which would have been otherwise laborious without the help of information system. This makes me efficient and able to more effectively at a lesser time. Guidelines for its ethical use however must be established. Private information that relates to the employee or information that does not relate to the job must not be disclosed or used for other purpose other than what it is intended. Technology can be helpful but can also be destructive if it is not guided by ethical consideration. HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. Tim Berners-Lee, an engineer from CERN originally developed the idea of HTML. The idea of HTML came out of Berner-Lee’s frustration of having to log on to different computers just to get the information he needed. He mulled that there must be a better way to get a set of information from different computers which gave birth the idea of HTML. So the original concept of HTML was a hyper-text system that connects networking technology and protocols to share information between computers. From then on, it later developed to become the basis and fundamental language of the world wide web or internet (www.landofcode.com). It started with its