Korean Wave

The Influences of Korean Wave on Vietnamese Youth During the first two decades of the 21st century, the Korean wave has spread to many countries around the world, including Vietnam. The Korean wave had a profound influence on the psychology and interests of the Vietnamese people, especially the youth. Therefore, the study titled â€Å"The Influences of Korean Wave on Vietnamese Youth† will find out the effects of the Korean wave on young people’s behaviors.On the other hand, the study also helps Vietnamese enterprises gain more experience about the success of this phenomenon so that they are able to take advantage of these effects on their business, which targets Vietnamese customers. Overview about Korean Wave In the last two decades, the Korean wave has earned a very huge popularity in many countries around the world. Following the initial surge of interest in Korean television dramas and popular music, nowadays all things made in Korean ? from food, movies and dances to fashion and language ? are quite the rage.The Korean wave is establishing itself as a global phenomenon that has already washed over East Asia and is now reaching the shores of Europe, Latin America and the Middle East. Korean Wave in the World The Korea Tourism Organization conducted an online survey of 12,085 non-Korean visitors from 102 countries on its website from May 11th to May 31st, 2012. The questionnaire, which included seven questions related to Korea, had been provided to the interviewees in different languages to see what makes the foreigners interested in the Korean wave.The survey conducted asked the interviewees to select an item of the Korean wave that interested them the most. The results showed a little more than 53 percent of 6,447 respondents picked K-pop. This was followed by TV dramas with 33 percent, films with six percent and others with seven percent. By age group, 49 percent of the respondents were in their twenties, followed by those in their thirties at 18 percent, teenagers at 17 percent and those in their forties at eight percent.The survey showed that, nowadays the Korean wave has been spread not only in Asia but also around entire world: from Asia to Europe, from America to Oceania and it is continuing to spread worldwide, where it is being consumed by an increase in global audiences. More importantly, most of the attracted people are in their 20s and teenagers who are enthusiastically consuming the images and messages offered by the Korean wave. Korean Wave in Vietnam Since the government of Vietnam and South Korea established an official diplomatic relationship, the Vietnamese audiences have more chances to enjoy Korean dramas.Especially, during the final years of 20th century, many Korean television series were introduced in Vietnam through the exchange culture programs or promotional products offered from huge economic Korean groups. These films like â€Å"Yellow Daisy† (1997), â€Å"First Love† (1999), â €Å"Winter Sonata† (2002), â€Å"Jewel in the Palace† (2003), brought a fresh feeling to the Vietnamese audiences and were also the first step of the Korean wave beginning in Vietnam.Moreover, this stage also saw a rapid development of information technology and mass media that made this wave closer to the audiences, especially the youth between 13 and 22 years old who were attracted easily more than other age groups. In the recent years, taking advantage of dramas’ fame, the Korean wave has been expanding to Korean music and fashion that has become an overwhelming cultural tendencies up to now. Three Main Aspects of Korean Wave on Young Generation Korean DramasDuring the last five years of 20th century, the Vietnamese dramas became boring because they were influenced strongly by the traditional viewpoints in society. In contrast, at this time, the first appearance of the Korean dramas with romantic love, complication in family relationship help the Vietnamese a udiences be more satisfied with their entertainment needs. In addition, with the similarities in culture as well as the development of the mass media, Korean dramas have been accepted easily and have become more popular in Vietnam.From the finding of our survey about the favorite movies, which was researched from 75 young people belonging to the 13-21 year olds in Ho Chi Minh City, the data was described by the pie chart below: [pic] As the chart shows, more than 30% of the interviewees pick Korean drama as their favorite film that also occupies the largest part in the chart. Following that, Chinese drama and European & American movies account for 23% and 25% respectively. The two last sectors are Vietnamese drama and the others with the figures being 11% and 10% respectively.From the information above, it can be clearly observed that Korean drama is now dominating major attention of young Vietnamese audiences and it leaves strong influences on their lives. One of the most important reasons making the youth interested in Korean dramas is the beautiful appearance with the familiar formula being the handsome boys and beautiful girls with their perfect make-up. In addition, most of the characters always dress in fashionable clothes with hairstyles that not only attract the young generation to the content of the film but also create the fashion waves in reality.Another side, Korean dramas are generally consistent with the psychology of young people. To be more specific, instead of some love stories with unhappy endings, the recent Korean films such as: â€Å"Boys over flowers†, â€Å"Dream High†, â€Å"You’re Beautiful† focus on the honest emotions of high school students with many funny and interesting details but not less romantic. Finally, an important point of Korean television series is the introduction of Korean culture, especially cuisines. According to Huang â€Å"Kim Chi, one of the traditional Korean foods, has become a [sic] accompaniment of the acceptance of Korean TV dramas† (2009, p. 26). In this way, these films lead young viewers to the content of the films as well as make the curious about them. Korean Music After the significant success of dramas, the Korean wave has continued expanding its influences on the young Vietnamese generation by the appearance of Korean music, also known K-pop as Shin Hyunjoon (2009) states â€Å"As the danceable rhythm and catchy melody performed by good-looking singers and groups swept across East- and Southeast Asia, Korean pop music has become one of the main components of the so-called Korean Wave† (para. 2).According to our finding in a survey of 75 young people in Ho Chi Minh City, it can be clearly seen that the interest level in Korean music occupied a minority of the total interviewees. [pic] As regards details, 35% of young respondents picked K-pop as their favorite music. This was followed by European & American music with 27%, Vietnamese music with 21%, Japanese music with 11% and others with 6%. The results above shows that K-pop dominates the music market of the Vietnamese youth due to some reason below: Firstly, Korean songs always satisfy the tastes of young audiences with their dynamic melodies.In addition, with the joyful voices and ear-catching rhythms, these songs overcome the barriers of language in order to become closer to young listeners. Secondly, Korean songs also attract young people’s attention to their perfect images. To be more detailed, handsome boys and beautiful girls who have professional dancing skills perform most of the music videos. Besides, these clips are carefully combined with the effects from the colorful lights to create the bright picture. That is also the reason why the song Gangnam Style by PSY becomes famous and creates a new Korean wave up to now.According to the BBC, PSY became the first South Korean artist to hit number one on the UK music charts and his song became the first Korean song to reach No. 1 on YouTube (October 31st ,2012) Finally, an important element contributing to the success of Korean songs is the content or message from the video clip. Actually, these stories affect the Vietnamese music market because they may be so colorful and full of energy or may be so sad with a lot of tears by some love stories which the main actor or actress gets cancer.Take the Single â€Å"Chuyen Nhu Chua Bat Dau† of well-known singer â€Å"My Tam† as an example of this. This song is also a sad story following the Korean style and it touches the hearts of the youth lightly. My Tam is very smart when choosing this song to register with Youtube and she became the first Vietnamese to be an official partner of YouTube (Tuoitrenews, August 2nd, 2012) Korean Fashion Fashion, which affects everybody’s lives by getting them involved in something has become an inevitable part of young people.Gradually, Korean fashion is one of the strongest elements , which affects remarkably to the youth. According to survey about the fashion styles from the poll of the youth, Korean fashion was the most popular style, accounting for 93% of the overall interviewees. It was followed by Vietnamese fashion with 34%. Obviously, overcoming the culture barriers in modern society, the upward trend of Korean fashion has penetrated deeply into the lives of many young Vietnamese. A reality has shown that â€Å"in the streets of Ho Chi MinhCity and Hanoi, fashion conscious young Vietnamese have adopted the darker makeup colors, thinly shaved eyebrows, body-hugging clothes, and square-toed shoes of Seoul fashion† (The Russia Journal, Jan. 25th 2002, p. 33). [pic] Besides, the youth seem to  be more fashionable and want to please each other, â€Å"stars of such dramas have become shining idols in those nations and fans there emulate the fashion, hairstyle or makeup of Korean stars† (â€Å"Hyundai heavy industries report on pop culture†, 2004).To clarify, most of young people love the Korean fashion style due to its popularity and current fashion trend. Moreover, another reason that convinces the level of explaining the fashion choices is that the Korean fashion style suits their styles and helps them express their personalities. In addition, Korean fashion has many similarities with Vietnamese fashion with 40% and 28%, respectively. Subsequently, 10% of young people are interested in the Korean fashion style because they want to be like their Korean idols. [pic] The Positive and Negative Influences of Korean WaveObviously, these analyses above indicate that nowadays, the Korean wave leaves significant impacts on the Vietnamese people in general as well as the young generation in particular including both positive and negative aspects. Positive Influences Through admiring the Korean stars in dramas and music as well as for their fashion styles, Vietnamese youth can not only satisfy their own entertainment needs but also learn beautiful and fashionable dressing styles, smart and educated behaviors from their Korean idols in the films. Another positive effect is a number of Korean stars will be able to ecome shining mirrors for the Vietnamese youth due to their efforts in both entertainment and education. Take Kim Tae Hee, a beautiful actress is famous not only for her professional performance but also her admirable academic achievements, as an illustration of this. She always topped the class with a perfect G. P. A during the period of high school. After graduating, Kim Tae Hee continued her studies at Seoul University, the most prestigious University in Korea. Negative Influences The Korean wave has spread rapidly throughout Vietnam without selecting to be suitable for the Vietnamese tradition.This means that through this wave, the majority of young generation gradually forget Vietnamese culture. In recent years, many young couples prefer wearing â€Å"Hanbok†, the Korean traditiona l dress in their weddings, to â€Å"Ao dai†, the Vietnamese traditional dress, for example. In addition, they also try to memorize the information about their favorite stars rather than the celebrities of our country Another significant drawback that should be noted is that a group of young people have an excessive devotion to their idols, which exceeds the acceptable limits of Vietnamese culture.Moreover, a large number of young people spend too much time and money on dressing up and applying make- up like the Korean style, and hunting for clothes, which are rather similar to their idols. The consequence is the appearance of inappropriate fashion styles and hairstyles everywhere, especially in the big cities. Opportunities from Korean Wave in business The Korean wave brings positive images that become a transporter of other Korean products such as technologies, fashions, cosmetics, tourism and entertainment services.Based on the influences of the Korean wave, Vietnamese ente rprises can apply some effective strategies in Vietnam. The first strategy is the collaboration with Korean stars for marketing and development of the products in Vietnam, using Korean idols as models for advertising products, for example Lee Min Ho playing a role in advertising Lotte Pie and Jang Dong Gun modeling for Close Up toothpaste. By holding some events in Vietnam and connecting stars’ images with product concepts, producers can increase the demand and interest of Korean fans, then they can increase the consumption and revenue.The SoundFest Music Festival on April 14th, 2012 was a very successful event sponsored by Samsung and Coca Cola. Instead of buying tickets at a high price to satisfy their passion for seeing Big Bang – a well-known South Korean pop band, fans also had chances to go to the festival free if they won the promotional prize from Samsung and Coca Cola. Korean fans found a code under Coca Cola bottle caps or sent the IMEI number of Samsung phon es to get the tickets. Besides increasing the revenue, producers also upgraded their image and value in their market.The second strategy is that companies can take full advantages of this wave to trade on fashion and cosmetic products because the image of Korean actors and singers significantly affected the youth’s consumption tendencies. The local distributors can import Korean fashion and cosmetic products to put up for sale in the Vietnam market. Besides that, they should also consider designing and producing fashion products with the Korean style so that they can match the youth’s taste. The third strategy is to develop tourism packages designed for Korean fans.Tour packages that combine concerts, shopping and sightseeing help tourist not only understand the Korean entertainment industry well, but also can visit the wonderful places and studios in the dramas, such as the snow mountain in Sonata Winter and the palaces in Dae Jang Geum. The reality has shown that Vie travel Company cooperated with Korean Air to make the Korean tour package in August 2012, which combines some special activities on music festival and travelling tour. This is a shinning signal for cooperation between Korea and Vietnam in tourist industry.The forth strategy is designing restaurant and coffee shop with Korean styles. Although the prices at the restaurant are expensive, the youth willingly spend their money on enjoying special Korean food. The youth can find Korean entertainment, such as movies and music discs, posters of famous singers and actors and the lasted fashion magazines, in these coffee shops. This is also a place to exchange cultural things, the Korean fans can share information and open a club for practicing the Korean language.The Korean wave may bring many opportunities to Vietnamese enterprises so that if they can catch the chance and understand the wave well, they can have wise strategies to develop their businesses in the future. Conclusion The result of our survey of 75 young people in Ho Chi Minh City about the influences of the Korean wave on Vietnamese youth proves again that the Korean wave not only spreads around the world but also has a direct impact on Vietnamese youth, especially from three elements: drama, music and fashion.Besides that, we can also find out the concrete psychology and interests of the Vietnamese youth for business strategies. Therefore, the Vietnamese policy makers are able to make reasonable policies to encourage the development of the Vietnamese entertainment industry. This creates the dynamic to propagandize Vietnamese art and culture around the world to bring more profits for the Vietnamese entertainment industry. On the other hand, the Vietnamese entertainment industry can benchmark the Korean wave to reach around the world so that we are able to create a same phenomenon in the near future.

Dr. Linda

â€Å"Your food is your grave,† said the famous writer Bernard Shaw. What you eat is not important. How you eat, what you eat is important! Human being is a complex, integrated mechanism of body, mind and spirit. You need to maintain them at the levels required. A fault related to any one of the three, disturbs the balance of the body as a whole. Careful maintenance as per proper procedures is required. You are careful about the external cleanliness. You brush your teeth; wash your body, oil your hair—but that is not the authentic maintenance. Your body needs to be free from internal impurities. This is done through the process of detoxification. The modern materialist civilization, the industrial and internet revolutions have changed the lifestyles of human beings in more than one ways. They are subdued by relentless internal as well as external pressures. New diseases, the names of which were unheard in the recent past, are cropping up. The book ‘Detoxification’ by Linda R. Page provides solid answers and satisfactory for your health-related problems– How to remain healthy, without succumbing to suppressive medicines and by cultivating nature-friendly attitudes! An herbalist needs to know, and this is a golden rule, that the nature provides appropriate fruits and vegetables at the appropriate season. Dr. Linda expounds the same principles in her book.   Nature doesn’t commit a mistake but we often do. Fruits and vegetables are the mediated capsules provided by nature in colorful packaging. The process of detoxification ipso facto means to possess thorough knowledge and understanding about this natural wealth. Next, the herbs assist you in the process of detoxification. Dr. Linda gives thorough and scientific details about the detoxification process related to various parts of the body, by using fruits, vegetables and herbs. Dietary plans play a vital role in recouping the original health from the attack of any ailment. Strict vegetarian diet is recommended, one week before you begin the detoxification procedure, advises Dr. Linda. Dr. Linda has the three-pronged approach, which is invaluable from the point of view of a practicing herbalist. Firstly, she has provided comprehensive information required to create safe and individualized detoxification program. Secondly, detailed instructions are given for cleansing and detoxification. Thirdly, she explains what a good cleanse means and how to direct the cleaning process for best results. Cleansing is an ongoing activity. It is estimated that about twenty-five thousand new toxins enter the environment every year. Therefore, your commitment to your body is not a favor that you are doing to it—it is your bounden duty for your own good and for the happiness of others, so that they will not have an opportunity to tend your sick body! According to Dr.Linda, â€Å"a detox program aims to remove the cause of diseases before it makes us ill. It’s a time-honored way to keep immune response high, elimination regular, circulation sound, and stress under control, so that your body can handle the toxicity it encounters. In the past, detoxification was used either clinically for recovering alcoholics and drug addicts, or individually as a once-a-ear mild â€Å"spring cleaning† for general health maintenance. Today, regular detoxes program, two or three times a year, makes a big difference not only for health, but for the quality of our lives.†(Page, 1999, p.14) From the point of view of an herbalist, this book contains most of the information and facts such as step by step instructions to guide through detox programs detox charts for special needs, information about â€Å"Green Cuisine†, herbs glossary of detox terms etc. Something dramatic and divine happened about Dr. Linda Page opting to become an herbalist.   She was interned in a hospital with a life-threatening disease, which the allopathic medicines failed to cure. She utilized this opportunity to make intensive study of the herbs, their merits and began to self-treat her with great success. She saved her own life and with the acquired knowledge, she is set on the task to save the lives of others. If an area is infested with mosquitoes, there are two ways of meeting the situation. Spray the insecticide and get rid of the mosquitoes. Or remove the filth, to contain mosquito breeding once for all. The second option finds favor with those who believe in natural remedies. Detoxification, to define its correct meaning, is nothing but all-out purification of body, mind and soul. Dr Linda begins her book on a moral and spiritual note and that is the correct and great approach. She writes, â€Å"Today is a very important day†¦.use it for the best that is in you, so that you will never regret the price you have paid for this day.† References Cited: Page, Linda R: Book: Detoxification – All you need to know to recharge, renew and rejuvenate your body, mind and spirit! (Paperback) 264 pages, Publisher: Healthy Healing Publications (January 15, 1999) Language: English ISBN-10: 1884334547 ISBN-13: 978-1884334542            

Advance Diploma of Marketing

The strategic directions of TESCO can be categorised in different sections. The starting point of the organization is the market where it serves the large number of the customers. It is observed that the UK market is the most successful market where TESCO serves most of its customers. As per the current report, the UK market represents more than two-thirds of the overall sales of the organization. The main focus of the organization is on service, range and availability. The core business of the organization is based on the effective service. However, the organization is lagging behind in implementing this in the recent time. In addition, over the past few years, the organization has significantly increased the number of products in its range. Nevertheless, this has put certain pressure on the store challenges of the company. From the strategic direction of the organization, it has also been observed that Tesco needs to protect as well as strengthen its financial position. Thus, the organization could maintain the flexibility to invest more on better shopping trip for the customers. Moreover, the organization is committed to stronger financial disciplines across the capital spending. The organization relies on the trust customers, suppliers and the communities. Furthermore, it is also observed that the business model of Tesco consists of products, customers and channels. The aim of the organization is to assure everything in the business that is built in the most efficient way to generate value for customers (McDonald 2013). Strategic analysis- According to the recent report, in the year 2013, Tesco has achieved revenues that is around  £ 35, 557 million, which indicates an increase of 19.7% against the previous years (Lowe, George and Alexy 2012). In the current year, in the UK market, the organization Tesco has extended its operations. As mentioned by Soosay, Fearne and Dent (2012), the organization has also built up 20 superstores and achieved a tremendous growth in the business. Mostly importantly, it is identified that the overall sales in UK market of Tesco is greater than the total sales in Asian market. The organization has increased the market share. Similarly, the brand value of the organization has also increased due to the current operations. However, the structural change in UK market could spark a price way in the coming years (Dowling and Moran 2012).   Further, the returns from the overseas could fail. This could create obstacles for the organization. Nevertheless, it is also identified that Tesco currently holds 13% share of the retail market of UK. The company has a multi-format capability which indicates that Tesco may continue to increase the share in food, whereas maximizing the space contribution from the hypermarket that is allowing the organization to deal with higher share in non-food (Lowe, George and Alexy 2012). Further, it is observed that the international business segment of Tesco is dramatically increasing. It is assumed to contribute a quarter of group profits over the coming years. As put forward by Singh and Sahay (2012), if the geographical spread continues to increase, it may ensure Tesco’s persistent regional growth. Brand value of the organization is gradually increasing as the profits for the operations done by Tesco in UK, Asia and Ireland increased by 79% at the time of fiscal year. Moreover, the organization has strong image and it is associated with the good quality of products and services. As m entioned by Frow et al. (2014), the trustworthy products may represent the excellent brand value. Tesco uses innovative ways of enhancing the customer shopping experience. The organization also put a large amount of efforts in branching out into the finance as well as insurance. Scoping the marketing opportunities- The organization could pay attention to the non-food retail. The implementation of this approach may provide further marketing opportunities. The new customers could come; thus, the organization may increase the customer base. In addition, the organization could also focus on health and beauty. In order to apply this opportunity, the organization may have to develop the health and beauty products. Lastly, the organization may extend the business to internal platform. For example, it could extend the business in other country where marketers have optimal opportunities for retail business. Reviewing the current performance of the organization The current performance of the organization indicate that Tesco has developed a significant multi-format strategy that in turn provides certain benefits to the organization. For example, in the recent time, it has been observed that the overall sales of Tesco has now increased 70% bigger than the increment of overall sales of Sainsbury in UK’s market. As per the competition Commission report, it is difficult for the competitors of Tesco to throw challenge to Tesco. As opined by Mukerjee (2013), the chance of stealing UK leadership by Wal-Mart is less; thus, Tesco is significantly in a strong position in the domestic market. There have been certain risks associated with the operations of each organization. More specifically, it can be added that the organization in its own industry might have to deal with some common risks elements. The appropriate risk response could be different from organization to organization based on how the management considers the risks in respect with magnitude. There have been certain steps involved with the risk management strategy that can be applied to deal with the common risks. The initial step of executing the risk management is to identify the potential risks that are inherent to the business as well as the operation of the organization. For instance, the organization could implement self-assessment process and conduct the survey to learn the facilitated risks. There are certain advantages associated with this particular mechanism. The major advantages of this technique is the capability to have workshop for multiple level of responsibility. For example, the governance level of could have a different view of magnitude of risk than frontline employee. As mentioned by Galician (2013), the decentralized risk ownership may require risk evaluation. The second step is to assess the risk on two dimension namely the likelihood of occurrence as well as the impact of occurrence. While developing the risk management strategies, it is necessary to assess the risks. By assessing the risks, the Tesco could find out further solutions. Hence, Tesco might have to deal with the external risks such as competitor strategies and changes in the market demands. At the end of this step, the risks are identified, measured as well as assessed as to the extent of severity. The resulting information from these steps can be considered as the risk profile. As mentioned by Shani and Chalasani (2013), a risk analysis technique could help to capture information from the first steps with the help of facilitated risks. The organization Tesco should determine how the exposure can be stated in different terms like the financial challenge, the challenge of damage to business reputation or the challenge of inefficiency in the techniques used. This particular step is about determining the risks in hand. This steps determines the appropriate response that can be effectively managed. In addition, for each identified risk, the particular risk can easily be articulated. It is assumed that if the severity of the risk is comparatively high, there be strong risk response. In addition, it can also be mentioned that each organization may have its own risk threshold. For instance, if the risk response is to accept the potential risks, this could become the part organization’s risk threshold. This step is about assigning the responsibility to a certain position. Each of the risk should be assigned to a particular position within the workplace of the organization. The person responsible for the positions need to assure that the risk response is properly translated on a regular basis. The responsible person needs to develop the required solutions for the risk identified. For example, if the customers have issues regarding the sales or the services, the sales manager needs to identify the issues. Based on the identification certain solutions can be developed. After implementing the risk responses and management techniques, the managers need to take the responsibility of monitoring the significant activities to assure that the identified risks remain within an acceptable threshold (Mitchell and Greatorex 2013). In such case, the organization may adopt the centralized risk management groups to monitor. This group would take the responsibility of determining the extent of risks. The executive management may require the information to be reported that could further allow them. The managers of the organization need to determine the form of reporting to positively inform the core body of the organization. The information gained from the reports can be further utilized to manage the annual updates of the risk analysis. In addition, the management of the organization needs to adhere to control the usual techniques of marketing. Identification and analysis of marketing opportunities: Nowadays, the retail industry has been experiencing the robust growth in the global market. The retail industry is in a growing phase and it facilitates to strengthen the economic development of the country (Ryan 2014). The changing lifestyle and its rapid development have facilitated the organizations to enhance the business opportunity in an effective manner. Tesco is one of the supermarket giants experiencing rapid growth in the global platform.   It is the third biggest retailer in the world having outlets in 14 different nations (Solomon 2014). Although the organization has established its business in the UK in an effective manner, Tesco needs to focus on their international business for experiencing the profitable outcome. By analysing the positive aspects of the business process management, it can be assessed that the organization has been focusing on enhancing the business in the large demographic areas (Green, Whitten and Inman 2012). Business Viability depends on several factors including competitive advantage model along with target segment analysis. Moreover, it consists of product growth directions, BCG matrix analysis. Although the organization has been facing difficulties for enhancing business areas in the market, the company operates its business in Asia, including Thailand, South Korea, Malaysia and Taiwan (Gabrielsson, Gabrielsson and Seppà ¤là ¤ 2012). The CEO of the organization has stated that they are looking forward to implementing several strategies for gaining competitive advantages in an efficient manner. External factors including social, economic, political, cultural and technological factors influence the organization to execute the business process management in an effective manner. In this context, Tesco has been experiencing enhanced business growth worldwide through utilizing its effective marketing opportunities. Tesco considers the several political factors for executing the business in the global environment. On the other hand, the organization has analyzed each political issue in a detailed manner, which facilitates them in identifying the key development area in the business (Devi Juwaheer et al. 2012). Most of the business analysts have accepted the fact that political and legislative conditions have been influencing the business of Tesco in an efficient manner. Economic factors are the most important concerns of the business, as it is responsible for influencing the demand, costs, prices and profits. High unemployment level indicates the most influential factors, as it decreases the effective demand for many goods (Gabrielsson, Gabrielsson and Seppà ¤là ¤ 2012). On the contrary, it affects the demand for producing the same product line. By analyzing different marketing factors, it can be assessed that the organization focuses on cost, benefits, risks and opportunities for the execution of business in an efficient manner. There are several beneficial aspects of the business enhancing the opportunity for profit maximization. By discussing the benefits of Tesco, several business processes can be identified such as economies of scale, diversification, minimum standards, large employers and flexible hours (Solomon 2014). The strong financial assets of Tesco indicate its capability for implementing diversification into the product category. In this context, Tesco has facilitated in increasing the competition in the global market. On the other hand, the large size of the business facilitates the organization for obtaining benefits from the economies of scales including transportation, distribution, marketing and technology (Ryan 2014). Costs of Tesco depend on several factors including consumer’s choice, size and market power, profit margins, and accessibility time (Solomon 2014). The CEO of the organization believes that the company needs to have a wide range of products for providing high choice to the consumers. On the other hand, profit margins play an important role in the business, as it facilitates the organization to obtain success in an efficient manner (Gabrielsson, Gabrielsson and Seppà ¤là ¤ 2012). Cost analysis includes the accessible time for business. Tesco operates its business 24 hours for providing enhanced facilities to the customers.  Ã‚   Although the organization has adequate brand values in the international market, it faces several risks in the business. The prime threat to the organization is that the UK structural change could spark a price war (Ryan 2014). On the other hand, most business analysts have discussed that the overseas returns could fall at any point in time. The organization faces threats from its competitors including Walmart and Asda. However, the management team at Tesco has implemented several unique strategies for diminishing the marketing challenges in an appropriate manner (Solomon 2014). In recent years, the organization has been trying to expand the business on the global platform. By discussing the opportunities of the business, it can be assessed that Tesco can enter into the health and beauty segment for the enhancement of business. Moreover, the organization needs to focus on further international growth. Tesco has conducted a customer feedback where the organization has accumulated suggestion on developing non-food retail section (Green, Whitten and Inman 2012). Hence, it can be assessed that the organization has several opportunities for the business enhancement in the global platform. The prime goal of the organization is to maximize the profitability of the business within a short timeline. Tesco is one of the giant organizations in the supermarket industry. The size and economic status of the organization have facilitated them to retain an enhanced brand value in the global market (Ryan 2014). With the involvement of the effective strategic implementation, the organization could achieve the organizational objectives in an efficient manner. On the other hand, the organization recognizes its customers for the enhancement of the business in the large demographic areas (Solomon 2014). The increasing market share of the organization has facilitated the company to achieve goals and objectives of the business in an appropriate manner. There are three prime opportunities for the organization including entering into the non-food retail, health and beauty and further international growth. Hence, it can be assessed that different opportunities of the business facilitate th e organization in obtaining the profitable outcome in an efficient manner. Evaluating each opportunity to determinate its impact on the current business: Tesco has numerous opportunities for enhancing the business in the global platform. Tesco may include new ideas for the enhancement of the business in an efficient manner. These new business opportunities involve non-food retail, health, beauty, and further international growth. With the engagement of the new business involvement, the particular organization could enhance its assets in the business (Green, Whitten and Inman 2012). The core strength of the business is to increasing market share to develop the business opportunities. By entering into the non-food industry, Tesco could be able to enhance the business profitability in an efficient manner (Solomon 2014). On the other hand, the enhanced brand value of the company would facilitate them to obtain success in the new business ventures. Hence, it can be assessed that the new business engagement would be the best possible solution for the profit maximization. The organization needs to focus on clear as well as definite plan outlined by retailer to tap the market. The organization needs to develop plans to establish a long-term relationship with the customers. In addition, the Tesco needs to focus on Asian market or the organization could extend the business in other Asian countries. In the recent time, the Asian economy is boosting the market. Thus, the organization may find effective marketing opportunities. In addition, the organization needs to focus on the products and customer services. Therefore, they could develop some new products based on the needs and demands of the market. There are certain key performance indicators that could help to develop organizational performance. The featured marketing plan for Tesco is suggesting the changes for the larger organization. It is to be indicated that the structure of the marketing plan for a larger organization may ensure several potential risks. Hence, it is required to formulate the relevant risks management strategy to mitigate the possibilities of emerging risks. Since, the marketing plan has been formulated for a larger organization, the establishment of the effective training and development session for the managers would be beneficial. In considering such process, the assistant director will be the major responsible person to provide training to the other managers in a hierarchal structure. The training process will be associated with the collaboration of different managers of diversified departments. The senior manager will assess the overall risks to the managers in such training period. Each of the segments will be discussed and the managers can even consult with other while undertaking any organizatio nal decision. The marketing plan is structured by keeping the focus on the marketing objectives that has been set previously. The structured process of the marketing plan determines the frequent way of conducting the business. The marketing activities are listed further: Reviewing the documents is necessary in considering the frequent improvisation of the process. The marketing plan will thus be well structured and well contented. On the completion of the report, it can be mentioned that effective marketing plan could provide certain marketing opportunities. It can be mentioned that if the marketing plan fails, the organization could go on enhancement of the market rather than penetrating the market. The organization needs to develop new strategy for the development of the market. In addition, the current operation of Tesco indicate that organization has a stronger position in the UK market. Tesco needs to pay attention to its customer service; if the organization provides an effective service to the customers, the company may increase sales and achieve an effective financial position. Devi Juwaheer, T., Pudaruth, S. and Monique Emmanuelle Noyaux, M., 2012. Analysing the impact of green marketing strategies on consumer purchasing patterns in Mauritius.  World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development,  8(1), pp.36-59. Dowling, G. and Moran, P., 2012. Corporate reputations. California Management Review, 54(2), pp.25-42. Frow, P., McColl-Kennedy, J.R., Hilton, T., Davidson, A., Payne, A. and Brozovic, D., 2014. Value propositions A service ecosystems perspective. Marketing Theory, p.1470593114534346. Gabrielsson, P., Gabrielsson, M. and Seppà ¤là ¤, T., 2012. Marketing strategies for foreign expansion of companies originating in small and open economies: the consequences of strategic fit and performance.  Journal of International Marketing,  20(2), pp.25-48. Galician, M.L., 2013. Handbook of product placement in the mass media: New strategies in marketing theory, practice, trends, and ethics. Routledge. Green, K.W., Whitten, D. and Inman, R.A., 2012. Aligning marketing strategies throughout the supply chain to enhance performance.  Industrial Marketing Management,  41(6), pp.1008-1018. Lowe, M., George, G. and Alexy, O., 2012. Organizational identity and capability development in internationalization: transference, splicing and enhanced imitation in Tesco’s US market entry. Journal of Economic Geography, p.lbs016. McDonald, M.H., 2013. Ten barriers to marketing planning. Journal of Product & Brand Management. Mitchell, V.W. and Greatorex, M., 2013. Risk reducing strategies used in the purchase of wine in the UK. International Journal of Wine Marketing. Mukerjee, K., 2013. Customer-oriented organizations: a framework for innovation. Journal of Business Strategy, 34(3), pp.49-56. Ryan, D., 2014.  Understanding digital marketing: marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation. Kogan Page Publishers. Sah, S. and Fughà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Berman, A., 2013. Physicians under the influence: social psychology and industry marketing strategies. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 41(3), pp.665-672. Shani, D. and Chalasani, S., 2013. Exploiting niches using relationship marketing. Journal of Services Marketing. Singh, H. and Sahay, V., 2012. Determinants of shopping experience: Exploring the mall shoppers of national capital region (NCR) of India. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 40(3), pp.235-248. Solomon, M.R., 2014.  Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: prentice Hall. Soosay, C., Fearne, A. and Dent, B., 2012. Sustainable value chain analysis-A case study of Oxford Landing from â€Å"vine to dine†. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(1), pp.68-77.

Accountancy and Finance, Designing a Balanced Scorecard Essay

Accountancy and Finance, Designing a Balanced Scorecard - Essay Example ns are not for profit making, it is important that appropriate good practices of financial management are maintained so as to ensure that there are adequate resources aimed at meeting the objectives of the organization and ensuring that they remain solvent while at the same time continuing to support the community. A scorecard is a combination of the four common measures (quadrants) that are directly associated with a company’s objective strategies (Pearson & Robinson, 2009). The Otago Museum in New Zealand was founded on the 15th day of September 1968, initially being located in the post office building in Denedin’s Exchange, a building which also accommodates the University of Otago. The 1877 saw the responsibility for managing the museum become vested with the University of Otago, an arrangement that lasted nearly 80 years and letter the transfer of the ownership to a trust board which was authorized to attract funding from various local authorities in the Otago region. Among the principle funders continue to be Dunedin City Council, Clutha District, Central Otago Districy Council and Waitaki District Council. This report will be designing a comprehensive balance scorecard (BSC) for the museum indicating clearly the strategic objectives of the museum, the strategic business themes supporting the objectives and the cause and effect relationship linking Balanced Scorecard (BSC)dimensions with strategic themes and the objectives. More often than not, an organization’s mission statement guides on how an organization needs to maintain a balance of the needs and the various expectations as appertains to the various stakeholders (Harel, & Boaz, 2008). However, most non-profit organizations like Otago museum do not operate in extreme circumstances hence can do for both the donors and their employees/volunteers despite the fact of the existence another restricting factor which can be done for the different groups, that one which falls generally within the purview

Apple computers inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Apple computers inc - Essay Example m 1978 to 1983, the company had many successful breakthroughs such as replacing the cassette drive with a floppy disk drive and VisiCalc as well as Lisa and generating sales of over $700 million. The years between 1989 till 1991 are known as the â€Å"golden ages† for the apple company by introducing the â€Å"PowerBook† technology. The company also presented three new products (i-mac, i-pod and i-store) between 1998 and 2005 which were new beginnings for the company. The company’s main target is to establish their brand name and become internationally diversified. The company plans to achieve this target by putting the effort and having the ability to constantly innovate their products and believes that it needs to be successful in product differentiation in order to maintain and satisfy the needs of loyal customers. The ipod product, has contributed the most to establishing the company’s brand name worldwide and this product has become an international phenomenon. Apple has an everyday operation and the actual performance of the company is in very good shape. The company adopts different competitive strategies depending on which market it is operating in. The company targets many segments in the market and operates in international markets. The company mainly adopts either the market leader or market challenger strategies and has also made some use of the niche player strategy. This has been highly determined by the product they are delivering to each market segment. However, there are weaknesses, treats and challenges in front of any company which apples would not be an exception too. The apple company is well known for producing the easiest products to use in the workplace and the weaknesses are the simplicity in the use of the product provoked an image problem, lack of capability to make Predictions of demand, pricing strategies and being not IBM compatible. The treats are also considerable for apple company.As a result of the new window NT that

Designing a Grounded Embodied Mental Model Learning Environment Assignment

Designing a Grounded Embodied Mental Model Learning Environment - Assignment Example The paper contains answers to a number of questions in which the Grounded Embodied Mental model learning environment has been investigated. The topic chosen for the design of the learning environment is the mathematical branch called arithmetic. It was found that the GEMM learning environment can be very appropriate in helping the student to master the simple arithmetic procedures. Arithmetic involves counting and adding up of things as it happens to be applicable in many spheres of life. It is the oldest branch in mathematics. The grounded embodied learning environment is one that provides the student with the right objects to apply the lessons they learn. It should allow them to have physical manipulation of these objects as well as the use of gestures in learning. The content of learning gets meaning from the use of these physical objects. It is no longer based on concept visualization without seeing or handling anything. Gestures have a role they play in changing the knowledge of the child. This happens directly on the cognitive state of the child or indirectly by affecting the child’s communicative environment. Agents are also important in learning because they make the lesson more realistic. Examples include robots and video games which make learning more interesting and easy to master. Students are motivated by the GEMM since it is a more interesting way of learning that reduces boredom. Using gestures and manipulating physical objects in the learning environment is very entertaining and can increase motivation. ... ognitive learning environment is critical; to enable the student to use the other body senses such as touch in order to learn (Lakoff and   Rafael 200).   Description of the grounded environment and how it would make the content more meaningful The GEMM learning environment has physical objects that should be used by the students. It involves gestures which are expected to make understanding better than if they were not there. This is the main difference with the ordinary learning setting. The physical objects such as computers are expected to help the student to learn. The student manipulates these objects to create a better understanding of the abstract concepts being taught (Greeno, & Moore, 210). The arithmetic learning environment consists of a number of equipment and parts such as natural user interfaces. These are of two types thus; free interfaces and the touch use interfaces. In the touch use interface the user has to directly touch the device and a single touch could be appropriate such as the SMART Board or multi touch such as SMART iPhone, table, surface or iPad. Free form interfaces with gestures don’t need the user to handle the device like the kinect Microsoft project. The gestural controller and touch screen mechanics have 3 parts which are an actuator, comparator and sensor. Bodily rooted knowledge has perception processes that have an effect on conceptual thinking. Researchers in the area of embodiment and cognition discovered that there exists a compatibility effect between the physical state of a person and his mental state. Physical touch and movement enhance the learning of a student. When children involve their hands in learning they develop knowledge and brain connections through the movement. When children make use of compatible actions for

You can make the topic by yourself Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

You can make the topic by yourself - Essay Example to two kinds of people in this regard, the winners who like to change and adapt themselves to new things while the losers are those who cling to the past. Progress is mostly cumulative as each level builds on the past achievements and improves on it. One such unique period in the history of human progress when changes were rapid was during the Industrial Revolution which started in the mid-eighteenth century in England and then spread rapidly into Western Europe and later on into the United States of America. It was a period of exciting changes in almost all spheres of life; old norms, traditions, and customs were cast aside in favor of newer ones. One result of the Industrial Revolution was the rise of Modernism which was a philosophical movement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as a reaction or response to widespread changes in Western societies. Profound social changes altered the way of life for everybody. This period was the best time of times and paradoxically, also the worst of times, when people have to cope with so many changes going on simultaneously. Some people embrace change while others cling to old habits and cannot adapt to change and found it both terrifying and confusing. Modernism created outcasts out of the people who cannot cope or deal with the changes. The Industrial Revolution started around 1760 and lasted up to 1870 or thereabouts. It was indeed a major turning point in human history as society embraced new ideas, inventions, and innovations in the fields of science, technology, commerce, and in virtually every field of human endeavor. Perhaps the most profound of the changes occurring at this period was the rise of the modern free-market capitalism in which a new wealthy class of capitalists came into being and replaced the old class of feudalistic land owners as capitalist groups put up factories that produced profits for them and increased their wealth holdings. This was a watershed period in history as society

Ferdinand Toennies's Gemeinschaft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ferdinand Toennies's Gemeinschaft - Essay Example There are several that I can envision on the corporate front such as security exchanges and the like, but I think that the best example of Gesellschaft is the city of New York. New York City is an organization in that it is a municipality. Thus while governmentally organized, it is a Gesellschaft as proposed by Toennies. (Kirvisto 89). New York City is a large, urban society, in which social bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little long-term commitment to the group or consensus on values. Relationships are based on achieved statuses, and interactions among people are both rational and calculated. This is evidenced by the interactions of brokers on Wall Street, the advertising industry and even the penal system. He who makes the highest dollar attains the highest status. This is precisely what Toennies predicted would happen which is why his preference was towards the Gemeinschaft. (Kristovo 89).

Cyber Terrorism and other types of terrorism in Australia Research Paper

Cyber Terrorism and other types of terrorism in Australia - Research Paper Example The practical difficulty in controlling cyber crimes made it one of the most dangerous terrorist activities of modern era. Since most of the critical areas of human life are making use of computers and internet at present, cyber attack can affect the social life drastically within a second. For example, transporting systems, power supply, military operation and telecommunication systems etc are relying heavily on computers and internet for its routine jobs and functions at present. Any problems occurred in the functionality of computers and internet can affect these areas negatively and cause immense damages to public life. This paper analyses the terrorism threats faced by Australia in general and cyber threats in particular. It is not necessary that cyber attacks may create physical ham alone to Australia. In fact cyber attacks can be used to defame a country like Australia in front of others. The most common form of hacktivism is the defacing of web pages to carry a message to the audience of that web site. The site shown in Figure below – an Australian business defaced to accuse Australia of being a terrorist country, is a recent example of hacktivism – as well as illustrating the tensions of the war on terror being transferred to the electronic realm (Ellsmore, p.5) The above webpage is a clear example of how the cyber attacks happening against Australia. Australia is a strong supporter of war on terror which is going on in Iraq and Afghanistan. Terrorists target all the countries which support war on terror in some way. Since most of the countries like Australia have strengthened the security measures against a physical or direct terrorist attack terrorists now adopting channels of indirect attack. Cyber attacks give them the luxury of attacking their targets from a distance and the chances of arrest or punishment are extremely rare. â€Å"Evidence exist s to suggest that al-Qaeda have also been using the Internet to collect & collate information about potential critical infrastructure targets† (Ellsmore, p.6). Internet is an ocean of information. It is not necessary to visit a place to collect information about it. All the details about all the places in the world are available on internet at present. It is easy for terrorist groups to collect and analyze this information before planning an attack on a particular target. The electronic information can be used for cyber attacks or even for physical attacks. According to the CERT Co-ordination Centre, the number of reported computer security incidents increased from 9,859 in 1999 to 52,658 in 2001, and we are on track for almost 100,000 in 2023. Similarly, the 2002 Australian Computer Crime and Security Survey found that 67% of respondents suffered a security incident, twice the level of 1994 (Ellsmore, p.8). The above statistics are clear indications of growing threats faced b y Australia from cyber terrorism. Cyber attacks can affect the productivity of organizations and employment losses to the employees. In other words, cyber attacks can destroy affect the financial systems more than the lives of the people. The expenses needed to conduct a cyber attack are extremely cheaper compared to the expenses needed for a physical attack. At the same time cyber attacks can cause more damages to the target than a physical attack. Moreover, the publicity generated by cyber attacks may create panic and disgust among the people. The above facts motivate terrorist in selecting cyber medium for their future channel of attack. â€Å"

Danielle Steels novel Fine Things Essay Example for Free

Danielle Steels novel Fine Things Essay Novel Title: Fine ThingsAuthor: Danielle SteelSummaryBernard Fine is a successful bachelor managing of the biggest stores in California. Bernie (nickname) runs into a little girl who is very lost and decides to help her out while. Her mother Liz comes to pick up her seven year old daughter Jane Calloway. The two newly met became friends (Bernie and Liz) and eventually fell in love and got married (much to the liking of Jane). Everything goes well and shortly after their marriage Liz gives birth to a son but the doctors decided that Liz has to stay in the hospital for a while and when Bernie asks why, they said that she must be tested for something but they never mentioned anything else to the overly concerned husband. A week later Liz is out of the hospital and with Bernie she finds out that shes a victim of the deadly disease cancer. Liz soon grows so weak that she looses her life and the long and painful journey for the young step-father Bernie has finally hit the saddest dead end. He tried to put up with his lost of his wife with the help of his parents. Bernie has no trouble at all raising Alexander and Jane all by himself then one day he met Janes biological father, Carter, and Bernie believes that custody should be his because Carter abandoned his wife and daughter long before. Carter defends himself while Bernie doesnt believe him but somehow the man gains custody of his daughter then all of a sudden Bernie hears from his agent that Jane is the middle of a drug smuggling havoc in Mexico. He begs to the police that he should go with them to rescue Jane. Bernie drives down to the motel waited for a while until the agent finally has Jane out of the motel and back in her fathers arms. Bernie begins to move on emotionally, and becomes involved with a beautiful doctor, but Jane is still loyal to her mother and cant accept this new woman but later on realized that his step father deserves to be happy and knew that her late mother would let him to be happy with someone new. Reaction:The story of the novel is not far from happening in real life. To keep a happy and complete family is always a challenge. In this novel, Bernie Fine struggles with the lost of his wife from the early stage of their marriage, leaving him the responsibility of raising their children and the longing of having someone special again. It showed the vulnerability of a man when it comes to losing a very important person forever. Reference: Fine Things by Danielle Steel

Homelessness Policies in the UK and Their Effects

Homelessness Policies in the UK and Their Effects Introduction The issue of homelessness and poverty in general are alwaswill always be on the forefront of national legislation. Although there have been recent claims from as far back as 2005 that homelessness is in slow decline within the United Kingdom, statistics do not necessarily support these claims. This specific policy analysis will seek to address several foundational questions on the issue of homelessness within the United Kingdom. The focus of this analysis will be to assess the current homelessness situation within the United Kingdom, detail past and present policies and their impact upon the homelessness problem and propose possible solutions to these problems. The key questions that will be answered include: How many homeless are their in the United Kingdom? What are current and past policy decisions within this arena? What are the impact of these policies and their implementation? What proposed remedies are there to the homelessness situation? Background Statistics on the reality of the homelessness situation within the United Kingdom is extremely difficult to assess. The transient nature of the homeless population makes them difficult to track especially with the number of people who sleep in living rooms, squatters, and other times of temporary accommodations. Current the most accurate statistics on homelessness comes from the 1996 Housing Act, which defines â€Å"statutory homelessness† or people who apply for homelessness assistance with local authorities and who fit under the current legislative definition of homelessness. Between 2005 and 2006, there has been 193,690 households who have applied for assistance under the Housing Act. From that population only 139,760 were found to be â€Å"legally† homeless under the statutory definition (Housing and the Homeless, 2005). The same study found that 93,910 households were under temporary assistance by June of 2006. From statutory homelessness statistics, many politicia ns have argued that homelessness as an institutional problem is declining. Although these statements are supported by statistics, the reality is that much of homelessness is hidden and unaccounted for. First, there is a large segment of the homeless population who are â€Å"rough sleeping†, this can be loosely defined as individuals who are sleeping in public areas and out of doors. Rough sleepers are extremely difficult to track and through last official counts numbers at 502 in London alone (Homelessness, 2005). Another method of tracking homelessness is through supported accommodations, specifically within hostels. The majority of hostels accept the homeless, current figures place supported accommodations at under 47,000 household units (Homelessness Pages, 2006). The most difficult of all of these categories to track are the â€Å"hidden homeless†. The majority of these homeless individuals who do not show up in official figures, either because they have never appl ied for housing before, do not qualify under legal definitions, families that find temporary solutions for this problem, or squatters. The level of hidden homelessness is especially troubling because the inability to accurately measure their number prevents the government from promoting legislation to meet this social problem. The New Policy Institute conducted research on this issue in 2003. They estimated that there are currently anywhere between 310,000 and 380,000 hidden homeless people within the United Kingdom. Current legislation on homelessness can be accounted for in the Housing Act of 1996 and the Homelessness Act of 2002, both of which attempts to deal with the homelessness. The Housing Act of 1996 was the first official recognition of the homelessness problem. It went as far as to provide a legal â€Å"statutory† definition of homelessness and provided specific agendas for housing allocation among the homeless, placing the responsibility of housing assistance upon local authorities. This policy was a major step to recognizing the problem, however it is was extremely ineffective in its intended purpose. As the above statistics indicate, the majority of the homelessness cannot be easily tracked and do not formally submit requests for governmental aid. AT the same time, many homeless were not eligible under the Housing Act and thus were left unaccounted for. National statistics showed that the homeless problem was declining, by the late 1990s, however, the reality of the situation was that the majority of the homeless were merely left unreported. To confront the new challenges posed by the Housing Act, the Homelessness Act of 2002 was passed. The Homelessness Act has been hailed as a sweeping reform of homelessness and a long term implementation of solutions for this problem. It’s focus has been on placing emphasis on local authorities to review homelessness within their localities, local implementation and review of strategies, and reforms within the framework of how councils themselves allocate housing. Several key changes to the Homeless Act was that it broadened both the definition of homelessness since the Housing Act, and also broadened the responsibilities of local authorities as well. The definition was extended to including those over the age of sixteen, rough sleeping, as well as a formal attempt to find families under temporary housing arrangements. Although this policy has much broader application and resources, it still is an insufficient response to the current state of homelessness. Currently local authorities lack integration with national level agencies to respond to the problems of homelessness, t he lack of coordination on a national level with local agencies causes â€Å"red-tape† delays that often allow homeless families to be left without aid. Another key area is that this policy lacks support provisions, local authorities do not necessarily have the capacities to assess circumstances and implement an operational strategy to provide temporary and permanently housing for those in need. Finally, the Housing Act does not provide a full implementation methodology for solving local area homelessness because they lack the resources and working knowledge to tackle this problem. Findings Current understanding of homelessness is limited because of the inability of government agencies to account for all homeless populations. Large number of unidentified and unaccounted for homelessness within the UK Policies within this arena are not specific enough to deal with the current crisis There is a need for bi-lateral and multi-agency cooperation for progressive problem solving Local support and operations services are lacking because of resource and knowledge limitations Preventive measures are not fully implementable, the root problem of homelessness are not being dealt with Conclusion The only way to provide for definitive solutions for the homelessness crisis to extend our current understanding of the limits of the homelessness problem. Data collection and definitional analysis of homelessness is severely lacking and progress needs to be made at a local level. While certain policy provisions have been enacted to help this problem, the reality is that the Homelessness Act of 2002 have done little to curb the core problems of homelessness. There are many other policy considerations: Provide provisions for mult-agency collaboration to provide for a support network between national and local authorities. Create comprehensive support system for local authorities to operationally provide temporary housing and assistance to those in need. Create a preventive taskforce to understand core of homelessness within local communities and to operationally eliminate these problems. References Policy and information. Homeless Link. 25 July 2007 http://www.homeless.org.uk/policyandinfo>. Homelessness Act Implementation. Homelessness Act 2002. 25 July 2007  http://www.homelessnessact.org.uk/index.cfm?message=Please%20register%20as%20a%20member%20to%20access%20this%20page%20or%20contact%20Shelter%20for%20more%20information%2EfrmLinkpage=%2FReviews%2Findex%2D7%2Df0%2Ecfm>. Housing and Homelessness. Homelessness Pages. 25 July 2007 http://www.homelesspages.org.uk/faqs/..%5Cprods%5Cproducts.asp?prid=218>. Homelessness Act 2002 Homelessness Pages. 25 July 2007 http://www.homelesspages.org.uk/faqs/..%5Cprods%5Cproducts.asp?prid=218>. Local authorities and the homelessness act. Shelter. 25 July 2007 http://england.shelter.org.uk/policy/policy-960.cfm>.

Eating Disorders Essay -- essays research papers

The first thing to keep in mind is that as an "outsider" (not suffering from an Eating Disorder yourself) there are many things you cannot do to help a family member or friend to get better. You cannot force an Anorexic to eat, keep a bulimic from purging, or make a Compulsive Overeater stop overeating. The first thing to realize once you have come to the awareness that your loved-one suffers from an Eating Disorder, is that you must not concentrate immediately on the food. All forms of Eating Disorders are emotionally based and the behaviors are only a symptom to emotional and stress related problems. As said many times on this site, disordered eating is an attempt to control, hide, stuff, avoid and forget emotional pain, stress and/or self-hate. If you are the parent of a child under 18 you will have difficult decisions to make regarding their care. Regardless of pleas to "not make me," and promises that the behavior will stop, you will have to stay very attuned to what is happening with your child and may have to force them to go to doctors and/or the hospital. Keep in mind how serious Eating Disorders are and that they can kill. If your relationship with someone suffering from Anorexia, Bulimia or Compulsive Overeating is anything other than their parent, or if your child is over the age of 18 then you cannot force them to seek help. You can support and encourage your loved one, and gently express concern, and the best thing you can do is to learn to attentively listen. In most cases it will be important for each sufferer to find a mode of recovery that will work for them. One-on-one therapy, support groups, clinics, in-patient or out-patient, art therapy, church groups, a combination of any, or none of the above but something completely different ... there are many options out there. Share this website, help your friend or family member to gather information if they are open to your help. Be encouraging -- there can be a lot of road blocks in searching for Eating Disorder recovery so be reassuring that recovery is possible! Be there to listen and communicate. Some options for local treatment are here ... and a listing a national organizations is here. Most of the national organizations can refer you to local chapters, support groups and therapy in your area. For the Anorexic or Bulimic who exhibits any of the following sig... ...derstanding individual. Those suffering with an Eating Disorders are not DOING anything to you, but are struggling tremendously themselves, inside. You need to keep this in mind when posing questions that are selfishly motivated or hurtful (even if unintentionally). "Why are you doing this to yourself?" "Your have good things in your life, what's the problem?" Those with an Eating Disorder do not choose to do this to themselves. There is no conscious choice (in most cases) where a person suffering from an Eating Disorder would prefer that lifestyle as opposed to one filled with self-love and happiness. This is a coping mechanism, a means for dealing with depression, stress and self-hate that has been built up over many years. It is a reflection of how the person suffering feels about themselves inside. Wonderful husbands, kids, supportive friends have little influence (other than sometimes temporarily) in creating the true self-esteem required for permanent recovery, to cope with life positively, and to learn to believe that we deserve good things in life and happiness. These disorders are about the person suffering and how they feel about themselves.

Pollution Essay: Strategies for Dealing With Global Warming :: Environmental Global Climate Change

Global warming effects the world on three different levels, the most obvious is the international level, then national and local level. Global affects everybody and should the levels continue we could see significant sea level rises. Many countries are very bad offenders when it comes to greenhouse gas emissions especially the U.S.A and the Russians. Due to this and many other climatic and diplomatic reasons, world summits are held every five years, Rio in 1992, Kyoto in 1997 and most recently Johannesburg in 2002. In the kyoto summit of 1997 an agreement was decided upon, in this pact all the countries that attended agreed to reduce carbon emissions down to the levels of 1990. All the countries that attended the talks signed up to the pact and agreed to reduce carbon emissions. Although they had signed up to it, the americans, could not ratify what they had agreed upon in kyoto because the senate did not pass it. By the time of the johannesburg summit in 2002, the Americans were being villified by the world press as they were now trying to go back on the agreement they signed and trying to find loopholes. The U.S.A and other nations are trying to put forward the idea of convergence. This idea suggests that the developing world is allowed to increase their carbon emmissions and the developed world reduces theirs: [IMAGE] Fig 1. Idea of convergence The idea suggests that the developing world is allowed to industrialise, while the developed world, with its technology and know-how reduce theirs to an acceptable level. On a national level, i will look into two nations that are dealing with the kyoto agreement in different ways. The U.K is firmly sticking to what it signed up to in Kyoto, it is the leading country in carbon emission reduction and it is leading the way in many initiatives it has set up. It is leading the way in the use of low sulphur fuels, which do much less damage to the environment.

Lupus Essay -- essays research papers fc

Lupus Definition of the Disease Lupus is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause that can affect virtually any part of the body. The medical term for Lupus is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or better known as SLE. With Lupus there is a malfunction in some of the cells of the immune system. "In Lupus, the body overreacts to an unknown stimulus and makes to many antibodies, or proteins directed against body tissue. Thus, Lupus is called an autoimmune disease. †# Myth/Reality Statements Myth: Lupus is contagious. Reality: It is not contagious, it is not spread from person to person. Myth: It is uncommon in women to contact Lupus. Reality: "Between the ages of 15 and 45, close to 90% of diagnosed patients are women ." Myth: Caucasians are most apt to be diagnosed with Lupus. Reality: In the United States, African Americans, Latinos, and Asians have a greater incidence of SLE than Caucasians ." Myth: Lupus is a curable disease. Reality: Lupus is controllable not curable. Myth: The most common initial complaint is fevers, weight loss and fatigue. Reality: The most common complaint is pain in joints or swelling followed by skin rashes. # Overview Women are the most common to suffer from Lupus. Although men and Children can get Lupus, 80% of Lupus patients are women ." There are three times as many black women as white women affected by this disease. During the first ten years of life, girls will have Lupus three to seven more times often than boys. Three are about 1,400,000 cases of Lupus diagnosed at the present time, but there can be up to 2 million unreported cases since the disease in extremely difficult to diagnose. "Only 10% of Lupus patients will have a close relative who already has or may develop Lupus. Only 5% of children born to individuals with Lupus will develop the illness ." # The cause of Lupus is still unknown. Some doctors feel that there are some environmental and genetic factors involved. Some of the environmental factors include: infections, antibodies, especially those in the Sulfa and Penicillin groups, ultra violet light, extreme stress and certain drugs. There are an incredible number of symptoms that you can have with Lupus. There are general symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, low-grade fever, generalized aching and chills. These symptoms are most evident when the patient is i... ...ts with medications are not required at all. They should avoid the sun and take aspirin or other nonsteriodal antiflammatory drugs, for muscle and joint pain. Conclusion I feel that Lupus is a very peculiar disease. It shares many similarities with HIV in the fact that there is multiple organ involvement and potentially life threatening episodes. I do not understand how Lupus is not always a fatal disease if it attacks the immune system. Without an immune system, other diseases can not be fought off by the antibodies, which can cause someone to become very ill. I feel as though there needs to be a lot more research done for Lupus. It is a disease of high occurrence and the cause is still unknown. The cause needs to be found so that a cure can be discovered so that patients and their families can find a relief from this disease. Bibliography 1. Wallace, D. The Lupus Book. Oxford University Press: New York, 1995 2. Aldejem, Henrietta. Understanding Lupus. Charles Scribers Sons: New York, 1982. 3. Moore, Mary. Learning About Lupus. Mainline Desktop: Pennsylvania, 1991 4. Ferrante, C. 1995. Caring for Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythmatosus. Nursing 25: 66-7

Health care profession

Health care professionals are doctors , nurses, surgeons and many more . Did you know that there are 13 characteristics of a health care professional, there is Empathy , Honesty, Dependability, Willingness to learn , Patience , Acceptance of critism , Enthusiasm, Self motivation, Tact , Competence, Responsibility , Team Player and Feedback. These characteristics are important to doctors , nurses , and surgeons because they need to understand the patients , they also need to be honest and patient wit them . Doctors ,nurses, and surgeons need these things to ucceed and accomplish their tasks .They also need to make the patients feel comfortable , they the need to let the patients know that they can count on them to do their Job and that their safe and secure with them . ln order for them to do these things their suppose to be fully trained ,or have a certification or have a license to work in the field of a health care. A good health care professional has communication skills which inc ludes speaking and listening to patients with this the doctor will be able to understand what the patients need. Health care is a vitual service that ouches the lives of millions of people at significant times like birth , illness, and death .Some injustices that doctors do is that when patients go through surgery , doctors tells the patients that there is no guarantee if you will get better or not ,or if you will survive or not or die with in surgery and some times doctors make patients sign a contract saying they have nothing to do with the death . 1 think this is injustice because when the doctors have no other way curing the patients they leave the patient there to die. It is Just sad seeing the doctor has no more options to save the patient lite .Some data snows that many people do not do not receive the right care ,or receive unnecessary harmful care. How do you have a good effect on patients ? If you want to have a good effect on patients you first need to take good care of t hem and show them that you care. The patient need to know and feel safe in the hands of whom its being taken care by, so it can be able to trust itself and the caretaker. Patients should be handled gently and not with force. If they need to take medicine shouldn't be by force or they might try to kill themselves because they feel harm is being done to them.Doctors should try their best to help a patient be cured ,or at least show the patient there is some hope instead making them feel death is near. The doctors should also try to make the patients feel better and to let them be treated fairly. In the movie Patch Adams it shows that a man named Patch wanted to become a doctor so he can help and understand patients. In the movie Patch was very patient , he was responsible for many patients that needed treatment and also took good care of them. .Patch had self motivation , that he would become a doctor no matter what .Patch had and used all of the characteristics hat a doctor should us e or have.. He helped patients smiled and laughed again. Patch had a big imagination that one day his dreams would come true and it did . As a doctor Patch was. , honest ,patient, tact , responsible ,discretion, he had acceptance of criticism, he was willing to learn , and he was enthusiasm. Patch loved being there for patients and helping them, he wanted to become the best doctor the world has ever seen. And most of all, Patch was a doctor who not only helped people and made them smiled but he showed them to always have a little bit of fun no matter how old you are.

High Blood Pressure Project

Blood pressure is determined by the amount of blood your heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow in your arteries. The more blood your he t pumps and the narrower your arteries, the higher your blood pressure. Hypertension can continue for years without any symptoms. Even without sys MOTOS, damage to blood vessels and the heart continues and can be detected. Once trolled high blood pressure increases the risk Of serious health problems, including h earth attack and stroke. . Define symptoms Most people with high blood pressure have no signs or symptoms, even if blob odd pressure readings reach dangerously high levels. Although a few people with relegates high blood pressure may have dull he dachas, size spells or a few more nosebleeds than normal, these signs and symptom s usually don't occur until high blood pressure has reached a severe or alphabetizing stage. 3. Define cause There are two types of high blood pressure.Primary (Essential) Hypertension For most adults, there's no identifiable cause of high blood pressure. This type of high blood pressure, called essential hypertension or primary hypertension , tends to develop gradually over many years. Secondary Hypertension Some people have high blood pressure caused by an underlying condition. This type of high blood pressure, called secondary hypertension, tends to appear suddenly and cause higher blood pressure than does primary hypertension.Various conditions and medications can lead to secondary hypertension, including: ; Kidney problems ; Adrenal gland tumors ; Thyroid problems ; Certain defects in blood vessels you're born with (congenital) ; Certain medications, such as birth control pills, cold remedies, decongestants, overcorrection pain relievers and some prescription drugs ; Illegal drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamines ; Alcohol abuse or chronic alcohol use ; Obstructive sleep apneas 4. Define western medicine approach (medication, services) Lifestyle can go a long way toward con trolling high blood pressure.The doctor r may recommend a healthy diet with less salt, regular exercise, quitting smoking, a ND losing weight. In addition to lifestyle changes, the doctor may recommend medication to low ere blood pressure. Medications to treat hypertension include: Ethicize diuretics Beta blockers Unconventionality's enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Negotiations II receptor blockers (Arabs) Calcium channel blockers Rennin inhibitors Alpha blockers Alphabet blockers Centralizing agents Vacillators Lodestone antagonists 5. Explain medical professionals involved Internists and family practice physicians often treat patients with high blood p reassure.Internists-?also called internal medicine physicians-?have training and expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of adult diseases. Family physicians focus on preventing diagnosing, and treating disease in people of all ages.

Love and War

They say all is fair in love and war. This commonly known idiom is accepted across the nation because, in reality, both love and war result in someone getting hurt. Whether it be human emotions or a human leg that ends up getting torn apart, the victim in question is also to blame. Everyone has complete and sole power over his or her emotions, and of their choice in a lover/choice to fall in love. When it comes to war, nobody (at least nobody who lives in America) is forced to enlist in any division of the army. It is a human right to protect one’s self from danger, and if that means not fighting for their country, then they don’t have to. However any particular that does choose to take part in battle understands the potential consequences. Both love and war are decisions, but the same is not true when it comes to economics and a person’s bank account. Financial status is determined at birth, which is very unlike the effects of love and war. Those who are born into wealth have the fortune of being able to start out their career, whatever it may be, at a higher than average rank. Achieving upper class status, retiring early, owning a fancy car, owning a big house etc. is sometimes caused by luck and can at times be the result of a high drive and a strong work ethic. Though, that is not usually the case. More often times than not, those who are rich when they are thirty, forty, seventy etc. start out that way. It all begins at birth. Upper class parents find it reputable to teach their children in a manner that is above par right from trying to get them to speak. Then, they send those children to a pre-pre school, followed by preschool, which not everyone has the opportunity to attend. Children from wealthy families usually attend private grade school (another privilege that comes along with having money), which starts them off with a good education and puts them on the path to a positive future. Upon applying for their first job at age sixteen or so (if they even want to; the rich usually have enough money to forget the job and focus on their bettering their education, which is yet another perk that sets them up for success), and since most of these people have lived in the same town for the entirety of their life, their parents have certain connections to certain businesses and business owners, and could easily get their kid an above par job (probably doing practically nothing) or better yet a high paying internship. The bonus of an internship, however, in this case would not be the extra cash. Rather, it would provide them with a positive learning experience. College is just another step in their life that will come easy, because they get into a better college than they should, simply because one of their parents went there, knew someone who went there, or because the admissions department can see a perfect scholarly record in their name (which, is what university is all about so, it greatly benefits them). Finally, offspring of the wealthy many times will take over their parents’ top tier business and make lots of money that way, or they will have done well enough at their great school (their parents set them straight from the beginning, it would be hard not to do well), that they acquired an equally prestigious or more prestigious job for themselves. Either way, the cycle of wealth starts again. In conclusion, all is fair in love and war. However, when it comes to financial status, it’s a man eat man world. And the ones with the money always win.

Analysis of Little Women

The little women's story begin when Meg and Joy are teenagers and the two youngest are entering adolescence. Their family is in the poorest period since the father is serving in the army. At this time, Laurie, a rich boy, move to this town and become girls' close friend. Each of the girls faces their moral demons when they grow older. Joy strives hard to be a great writer. The bashful girl Beth has to conquer shyness, while Amy, the youngest one, has to fight against her bosom enemy aristocratic pride.Finally, Meg gets married with Laurel's gentlemanliness tutor, John Brooke. After Joy refused the courtship of Laurie, she goes to New York to pursue her ambition, in where she meets a learned German expatriate Professor Bear, who helps her a lot in writing. Amy takes up advanced studies of painting in Europe following Aunt Carroll, unexpectedly fall in love with Laurie. They go back home when Beth dies at an early age. Joy also returns home and cares for her beloved family. Amy There a re 1000 Hamlets in 1000 people's eyes.However, I should say, Amy is so as well. Someone think that she is stagy; someone consider her as a childish girl; while, in my opinion, she is a very kind girl. She Is described by the author as a girl who own curled golden hair and blue eyes. As an aristocratic young girl, Amy dreamt of marrying a wealthy man, which became true that achieved by marrying Laurie. Since Amy is the youngest one in her family, she was often bullied by her sisters In some sense. When they had a role play in the family, Amy always acted the character which as abandoned by everyone.She compromised to her sisters even though she already said that she would not. At the end, she gave up on art because she thought herself to be lacking of talent. Nevertheless, she had a happiness marriage with Laurie and gave birth to a daughter. The movie vs.. The book The movie Is edited and adjusted based on the director's comprehension. Writing about the differences between the book and the movie of The Little Women, I want to focus on two main aspects: the story and the characterization.The first two chapters of the book are cut down In the film. In addition, several significant details are disappeared In the film, such as the conservation between Joy and her mother talking about how Joy could control her Irritable temper and the endeavor Amy made for being a grace lady. The lack of the details results In the ambiguous presentation of the character's personality. We cannot see fully the tomboyish nature on Joy and the challenge she faces because of this personality which Is wrote In details In the book.What's more, there Is no mention about Beet's bashfulness. I am not aware of how shy Beth Is until reading the book. Actually, the film and the novel are obviously different on the story and the depiction of the character. Analysis of Little Women By Militarily in my opinion, she is a very kind girl. She is described by the author as a girl who Amy is the younge st one in her family, she was often bullied by her sisters in some The movie is edited and adjusted based on the director's comprehension. Writing of the book are cut down in the film.In addition, several significant details are disappeared in the film, such as the conservation between Joy and her mother talking about how Joy could control her irritable temper and the endeavor Amy made for being a grace lady. The lack of the details results in the ambiguous presentation of challenge she faces because of this personality which is wrote in details in the book. What's more, there is no mention about Beet's bashfulness. I am not aware of how shy Beth is until reading the book. Actually, the film and the novel are obviously

Airline Pricing Strategies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Airline Pricing Strategies - Research Paper Example The airline industry faces an unpredictable and often uncertain environment that is driven by trends in consumer behavior, internal demands placed on specific organizations, and a competitive environment that often dictates forward momentum. Revenue management systems, on average, function as a tool with which to remove certain business activities that are calculated to be inefficient or budget-restrictive. In this system, â€Å"comparative trials of complex pricing policies are employed according to an application schedule that has a periodic character with respect to the arrival date of quoting circumstances† (patents.com, 2008, p.1). In many businesses, these systems become automated in order to link inventory with actual usage time that can be calculated on a variety of electronic systems. Marriott Hotels took advantage of combining two different revenue management systems to link customer needs with internal operational components to ensure that productivity measured with demand (Thibodeau, 2005). Airline companies must develop methods to measure productivity with inventory strategy, labor, and other industry-specific activities. All of these are related to the financial goals or current economic position of the specific airway carrier. Whilst being driven to satisfy customers with different demands placed on marketing efforts, airline companies also manage expenditures balanced with the organization considered much like a system. The research identifies information associated with revenue production, advertising as part of marketing, internal functions and organizational constraints with the design of the airline carrier, and general business activities in the airline industry.  

Area 51 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Area 51 - Essay Example This place was preferred as it is located far away from the city. Few years later, various lights started appearing and since then heavy security is provided around that area. This made the government to shut down all the places from where the area 51 could be seen. This area is surrounded by Groom Lake on one side and NTs on the other side. Rachel is the nearest place from Area 51.Later people started to believe that the area is used to test aircrafts and other UFOs which caused the lights to appear. This area is comprised of workplaces, houses and runways for the aircraft. Railway facility is enabled as there are some underground lines that connect some of the nearby states. This place is also used as the training centre for the military and security forces. The aircrafts used in the military are tested and experimented in this place. Hence area 51 was helpful in conducting test operations of the proposed aircrafts. normal movements are observed and kept under supervision using the radar. The area surrounding Area51 is acquired by government and it is made sure that no outsider is allowed inside. Since the place is out of the reach of normal population, it is difficult to locate this place easily. Area 51 is considered as the head quarters of the U.S military and Air force. (Strickland 2005).The happenings of this place are maintained as a secret. The officials are divided into groups and assigned to various projects. They would be under the control of group heads and they take care of the ongoing projects. Each time a new aircraft is designed, they are tested to ensure proper working of the system. Satellites play a vital role in these areas. As each and every action has to be under the supervision, satellites are used. Security is the important aspect of this area, as the information regarding the country's military and air force have to be kept intact. Circuit cameras are installed in all the important locations to record the activities. Only few people are given permission to enter the restricted area. Many level of security checks are conducted to make sure only authorized people are permitted. The information pertaining to the aircrafts and their development are also kept as a secret. The project head and the team members are instructed not to disclose any information to others.(Desjardins 2008). Every employee should sign a bond that specifies the details regarding this place will be kept as a secret. A person working in an aircraft is not allowed to gather information regarding another project that is being developed. Even access to information from the system is limited. Unless a person has undergone the highest level of security clearance, he is not allowed to access the details pertaining to each and every system. Since Area 51 is composed of military and security of a country, high security is maintained. Inside Area 51 Since the area is not open for public movement, the officials and employees make use of separate planes. Unique identification numbers are given to each aircraft which are being used specifically for this purpose. Professional trained people are appointed as pilots, so that they can easily handle the specially designed flights. The area is prohibited from trespassers and warning boards are kept at each and every

Managing the Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managing the Supply Chain - Essay Example Each of these factors related to Toyota have been discussed in the following sections. Background of Toyota Motor Corporation Toyota Motor Corporation was founded in 1927 by Kiichiro Toyoda and it is presently a multinational automaker employing 317,716 employees worldwide. The majority of the company’s sales are generated from the overseas regions. There are currently 15 companies under the Toyota Group including non-automotive companies Towa Real Estate and Toyota Housing Corporation (Appendix 1). The company has a large fleet of cars, MPVs, SUVs and hybrid models. Toyota’s global vision is to exceed the expectations and rewarded with a smile through its commitment to quality, respect for planet and constant innovation (Toyota Motor Corporation-a, 2012). Toyota has its operations worldwide including Canada, U.S.A., Latin America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and Middle East. Its regional headquarters are in U.S.A., Belgium, Thailand and Singapore whereas its major R&D centers are in U.S.A., Japan, France, Belgium, Thailand, Australia and China (Toyota Motor Corporation-b, 2012). ... The salaried supervisors are group leaders who support the functions of whole group. Figure 1 shows an organizational structure of Toyota in relation to support and responsibilities. The production employees are a part of groups of 20-30 people as per the needs of the work area. The group leaders i.e. supervisors are responsible for the groups and report to assistant managers each of whom is responsible for 4-6 supervisors and all production related activities. The manager above him/her is also responsible for the production activities but not the daily activities like the assistant managers. Depending on the number of employees in a department a number of managers report to the assistant general manager and so on. The production system in Toyota is based on JIT system based on elimination of activities which consume resources and which do not create values for customers, and keeping the inventories at minimum levels. Overall it is a method of cutting the time taken to convert orders from customers into deliveries. But as per Toyota all this can only be achieved by philosophy of continuous improvement and respect for its customers, suppliers, dealers and employees. The employees are given vague instructions and broad targets instead of rules to inculcate the habit of setting targets for self (Iyer, 2009, p.158-160). Figure 1: Toyota's Organizational Structure of one of its facilities in U.S.A. Source: (Liker & Meier, 2005, p.223) Product Development Process & SCM The new product development process at Toyota follows the following steps: 1. The product planning department conducts research and analysis, draws up product plan including line-ups and schedules for